中国地衣杂录2——脐衣科Umbilicariaceae

中国科学院大学学报

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中国地衣杂录2——脐衣科Umbilicariaceae

陆定安

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1959-08-18 发布日期:1959-08-18
通讯作者: 陆定安

Notes on Chinese Lichens 2—Umbilicariaceae

Lu Ding-An

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1959-08-18 Published:1959-08-18
Contact: Lu Ding-An

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

The classification of the Umbilicariaceae has been arranged in at least three different

systems according to former lichenologists. According both to Frey (1933)and to Imshaug

(1957) all the species in this family belong to the genus Umbilicaria. But Scholander

(1934) accepted four genera: Umbilicaria, Omphalodiscus, Gyrophora, and Actinogyra;

while Llano (1950) recognized five genera: Lasallia, Agyrophora, Omphalodiscus, Umbilicaria,

and Actinogyra: these genera being based on apothecial characters and phylogeny. Savicz

(1950), after a study of the opinions of Frey and of Scholander, and of other lichenologists

and also his own conclusions on the Soviet material, grouped the latter species into two

genera, Umbilicaria and Gyrophora, reducing some genera of the Llano-Scholander system

to subgeneric status under the genus Gyrophora. Thus, the classification of this family is

still in a confused state. Pending a thorough restudy of the systematics of the Umbilica-

riaceae, the treatment of the Chinese species in this work is provisionally according to Llano's

monograph, partly because of its covering both Eastern and Western species.

In the present note three species of Umbilicariaceae are described from Northern and

Eastern China.

(1) Umbilicaria esculenta (Miyoshi) Minks-Western Tianmu-shan, Chekiang;

and Hwang-shan, Anhwei, alt. 1387 m and 1943 m. This species is the famous “Shi-er.”

it is usually regarded as a Japanese endemic species in foreign literature, however, for many

centuries it has been used as a delicacy in China. “Shi-er” is renowned for its sterility,

nevertheless, the author is fortunate enough to find a fertile specimen among those bought

in Hwang-shan. It is dotted with dozens of black apothecia. They are up to 1800μ

in diameter; proper margin indistinct; gyri concentric, parallel or somewhat radial; asci

immature; paraphyses, free, flexuous, septa indistinct, branched, apices not enlarged; 2μ

in diameter, about 54μ tall. The apothecia are sessile instead of adnate as in “iwa-take,

the Japanese “Shi-er,” described by Miyoshi. The morphology of “Shi-er” agrees well with

Llano's descriptions of the Japanese specimen, except in the following three respects: (a)

“Shi-er” is 5 cm. bigger than the Japanese specimen, up to 18 cm in diameter; (b)it is

also thicker (480μ), but it is. much thinner in young thalli (133-181μ); (c) its

upper cortex is pseudoparenchymatous, instead of palisadeplechtenchymatous as it is in the

Japanese specimen described by Llano.(1950). Frey (1929, p. 225) stated that the cells

of the lower cortex were in vertical rows, but this is not observed in the six specimens

examined by the author, and it is not very evident in his own drawing (Fig. 4c) either.

Therefore, the author thinks it is better to call it pseudoparenchymatous, namely paraplec-

tenchymatous.

(2) Umbilicaria hypococcina (Jatta) Llano-Wutai-shan, Shansi, same

locality from which M. S. Clemens collected this species in 1913. Many black, adnate,

roundish, plane apothecia are scattered on the surface of every thallus. They are 460-790μ

in diameter, with a distinct proper margin. The gyri are parallel or concentric. Just as they

were previously described, these apparently mature apothecia are without spores. The

author's specimens agree well with Llano's description except in the following two respects:

(a) the upper cortex is twice as thick as in the specimen examined by Llano; (b) an outer

pseudoparenchymatous layer and an inner prosoplectenchymatous layer are discernible in the

lower cortex.

So far as the author knows, since Jatta first described it in 1902, this species is never

been reported from any locality outside China; therefore, it is probably endemic to China.

The species “Gyrophora hypocrocina” recorded in Symbolae Sinicae is not another

species, but the specific name was wrongly spelled,

(3) Lasallia pustulata (L.) Merat-Hwang-shan, Anhwei, alt. 1387 m., 1682 m.

and 1943 m. This Chinese lichen is smaller than European and American conspesific

individuals, being. 20-55 mm. in diameter. In size, it approaches Merrill's “Umbilicaria

fokiensis,” which the author does not regard as a valid species. Though smaller in size,

the thalli of this Chinese lichen are much thicker (128-224μ). The upper cortex is

pseudoparenchymatous, not “paraplechtenchymatous” (......”fails to reveal any definite

structure” according to Llano, 1950, p, 16), and what the author observes is in accordance

with Galloe's drawings (1950, P1. 70, figs. 443, 445)and Frey's drawing (1931, p. 108.

Fig. 7).

陆定安. 中国地衣杂录2——脐衣科Umbilicariaceae[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

中国地衣杂录2——脐衣科Umbilicariaceae

Notes on Chinese Lichens 2—Umbilicariaceae

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