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2025, Vol. 42 No. 4

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15 July 2025

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    Experimental study of the breakup characteristics of liquid metal free jet exposed to a longitudinal magnetic field
    LI Yang, CHEN Long, YANG Juancheng, LYU Ze
    2025, 42 (4): 433-440.  DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.067
    Abstract ( 229 ) PDF (0KB) ( 0 )
    To gain a deeper understanding of the magnetohydrodynamic characteristics of liquid metal jets, this study conducted experimental research on the breakup process of a liquid metal GaInSn jet under a flow-aligned magnetic field condition. Based on a self-built liquid metal jet experimental platform, the jet breakup characteristics were experimentally analyzed from four aspects: jet morphology, breakup length, surface disturbance, and droplet distribution. In the absence of a magnetic field, the breakup length increased with the increasing We number. The surface wavelength of the jet approached the critical wavelength under the action of surface tension, and the volume diameter of the jet breakup droplets showed a bimodal structure. When a flow-aligned magnetic field was applied, the droplets formed after jet breakup were subject to vibration attenuation under the action of the flow-aligned magnetic field and exhibited equally sized spherical droplets downstream of the breakup position. The surface wavelength decreased with increasing magnetic field, while the breakup length increased. Three types of influences of the flow-aligned magnetic field on the breakup length of the jet were summarized.
    Molecular dynamics study of the interaction between Ar atom and graphite
    WU Wei, YU Xin
    2025, 42 (4): 441-449.  DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.064
    Abstract ( 196 ) PDF (0KB) ( 0 )
    In EUV(extreme ultraviolet) lithography machines, multilayer mirrors may be contaminated by carbon deposition when exposed to high-energy EUV radiation. The reflectivity of the mirror is therefore reduced, thereby reducing the service life of the lithography machine. The EUV induced plasma produced by the ionization of the background gas by EUV light has a good cleaning effect on the deposited carbon. In this paper, molecular dynamics method is used to simulate the interaction process between Ar ions of plasma and graphitic deposited carbon. A comprehensive study has been carried out from the adsorption of Ar on the graphite surface to the cumulative irradiation of independent Ar and a large amount of Ar on the graphite surface. The results show that Ar has the most stable adsorption structure at the Hollow site on the graphite surface. When Ar diffuses on the graphite surface, it tends to diffuse through the Bridge site in the middle of the C-C bond to the adjacent Hollow site. When a single independent energetic Ar impinges on the surface of graphite, there would be three phenomena: reflection, adsorption and diffusion. It mainly depends on the site of incident Ar on the graphite. When a large amount of Ar accumulatively irradiates graphite, a variety of defects will occur and continue to develop depending on the amount and energy of incident Ar. As a result, the strength of the graphite layer is greatly reduced and even physical sputtering effects occur.
    Adsorption of diclofenac sodium from wastewater by MIL-53(Fe) composite materials
    CAI Yanrong, LI Xueyan, JIANG Weili, WANG Qiong, CHANG Chun
    2025, 42 (4): 450-459.  DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.085
    Abstract ( 222 ) PDF (0KB) ( 0 )
    Fe-MOF materials MIL-53 (Fe) and MIL-53 (Fe)-10FA were prepared by solvothermal method, and their adsorption properties for diclofenac sodium (DCF) in aqueous solution were investigated. The adsorption behavior of the two MOF materials to DCF follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption process belongs to chemical adsorption. The adsorption equilibrium isotherm conforms to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and is monolayer adsorption. The surface morphology of MIL-53 (Fe)-10FA modified by formic acid was different from that of MIL-53 (Fe). The crystal size was larger than that of MIL-53(Fe). The pore size, specific surface area and total pore volume increased after modified. The content of oxygen-containing functional groups also increased. The adsorption capacity of MIL-53 (Fe)-10FA for DCF was significant, and the maximum adsorption capacity of Langmuir isotherm fitting was 652.29 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism mainly includes hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking between benzene rings and benzene rings.
    Process chain from ecosystem services to decision making: an analysis based on 671 Chinese literatures
    CHEN Peiyuan, HUANG Qingxu, HE Chunyang, ZHANG Jinxi, ZHOU Yuchen, BAI Yansong
    2025, 42 (4): 460-471.  DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.087
    Abstract ( 299 ) PDF (0KB) ( 0 )
    Ecosystem services (ES) are the bridge connecting ecosystems and social systems, and have gradually become an important basis for decision-making. To this end, this paper reviews the progresses of applying ecosystem service in decision-making by randomly selecting 1 000 Chinese papers on the topic of ecosystem service from 1997 to 2021. According to the four-element process chain from ecosystem service to decision making, this paper quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the main types of process chains that the existing research focuses on, analyzes the content of process chains from two aspects of salience and legitimacy of ES information, and discusses the future research challenges. We found that although ecosystem services are highly sought after, there are few studies that fully integrate them into the process chain of decision-making. More than two thirds of the papers focused on one or two elements of the process chain, and 2% of the papers included a complete process chain for applying ecosystem services to decision-making. Regarding the salience of ES information, there are few studies at the national scale. In terms of legitimacy, the focus on stakeholders is weak. In terms of ecological regulatory factors, grain yield, biomass, and net primary productivity of vegetation are high-frequency considerations. In terms of socio-economic regulatory factors, food prices, GDP, and population are high-frequency considerations. In the future, in the process of applying ecosystem services to decision-making, it is necessary to further strengthen the standardization and local optimization of ecosystem service assessment methods, spatial and temporal scale selection, enhance stakeholder and public participation, and adopt scenario analysis to provide strong support for guiding practice and policy formulation.
    Spatial-temporal variation analysis and prediction of grain production in Central Asia based on ARIMA model
    GAO Xuemei, DONG Ye, XU Wenqiang, BAO Anming, ZHONG Xiufeng
    2025, 42 (4): 472-486.  DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2024.017
    Abstract ( 407 ) PDF (0KB) ( 0 )
    The production and supply of food are core components of sustainable development. Ensuring the sustainability of global food production and supply is crucial for maintaining human survival and socioeconomic stability, and it holds significant importance in advancing the “Zero Hunger” goal within the framework of global sustainable development. This paper selects the five key cereal crops, including wheat, barley, maize, oats, and rice, as the subjects of study, focusing on the Central Asian region. It analyzes the variations in yield per hectare, total production, and cultivated area for these cereals from 1992 to 2021, investigates regional disparities in food production fluctuations within Central Asia, and employs the ARIMA model to forecast future grain production in Central Asia. The results showed that: 1) From 1992 to 2021, the grain yield, total output and sown area in Central Asia showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the three changes ranged from 0.79~1.96 t/hm2, (0.14~0.37)×108 t and (0.14~0.23)×108 hm2, respectively. Grain yield and total production reached their peaks in 2011 at 1.96 t/hm2, and 0.37×108 t, respectively, while the cultivated grain area peaked in 1993 at 0.23×108 hm2. 2) The grain volatility in Central Asia is characterized by frequent fluctuations in grain production, with a significant proportion of years experiencing fluctuations exceeding 5%. The amplitude of these fluctuations is substantial, and the average fluctuation cycle is 2-4 years, indicating a short-term cyclical pattern dominated by classical rather than growth-oriented fluctuations. 3) In the coming years, Central Asia is projected to experience an upward trend in wheat, barley, maize, and oats production, while rice production is expected to decline. Compared to the year 2021, by 2030, Central Asia’s wheat, barley, maize, and oats production is estimated to increase by (410.15, 91.6, 795.26, and 8.91)×104 t, respectively, representing growth rates of 20.1%, 31%, 299.2%, and 37.1%. Conversely, rice production may decrease by 15.99×104 t, with a decline of 15.5%.
    Scientific connotation, contemporary value, and practical pathways of “Two Mountains” theory from the perspective of modern human-environment relationships
    MENG Gui, WANG Kaiyong
    2025, 42 (4): 487-495.  DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.073
    Abstract ( 775 ) PDF (0KB) ( 0 )
    Based on the perspective of human-earth relationships, firstly, this article analyzes the theoretical connotation of “Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” from the perspectives of philosophical meaning, geographical logic, and economic thinking. Secondly, from the three aspects of serving the rural revitalization, building a beautiful China, and building a community of human destiny, the era value of “Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”. Subsequently, from the perspective of coordinated development of human-earth relations, from the four aspects of highlighting the participation of people, the value of excavation land, maintaining human-land balance, and the standardized human and ground behavior, it proposed the development of the transformation from “lucid waters and lush mountains” to “gold and silver mountains”. Finally, according to the key issues that have not been resolved in the practical path, it is pointed out that future research should be strengthened on the selection of transformation path and model, the valuation of ecological products, and the evaluation of transformation efficiency of the “Two Mountains”.
    Multi-scale semantic prior features guided street view image inpainting algorithm
    ZENG Jianshun, LYU Yanjie, QIN Yuchu
    2025, 42 (4): 496-507.  DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.089
    Abstract ( 246 ) PDF (0KB) ( 0 )
    Urban street view imagery, as crucial forms of spatial data, has a wide range of applications in mapping services, urban 3D reconstruction, and cartography. However, since the collected street view images often face challenges such as distracting target occlusion and privacy concerns, necessitating meticulous preprocessing. Addressing these challenges, we propose an image inpainting algorithm based on multi-scale semantic priori guided for generating more realistic and natural static street view images. Firstly, a semantic prior network is designed to learn the multi-scale semantic priors of the missing regions of the input image to enhance the contextual information. The semantic enhancement generator adaptively fuses the multi-scale semantic priors and image features and at the same time introduces a multilevel attention shifting mechanism to refine the texture information of the image. Finally, a Markov discriminator is adopted to distinguish the generated image from the real image by adversarial training, which makes the reconstructed street scene image more realistic. Experiments on the Apolloscape dataset demonstrate that the images generated by our algorithm have achieved significant improvements in semantic structural coherence and detailed texture, solving the privacy problem in street view while providing a more reliable data base for realistic city applications.
    A novel approach for autofocus in spaceborne SAR based on low-order polynomial orbit model and contrast maximization
    CHEN Ying, MENG Dadi, LI Guangzuo, HUANG Lijia, LI Yingying, XIN Yu
    2025, 42 (4): 508-518.  DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.035
    Abstract ( 189 ) PDF (0KB) ( 0 )
    Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery with higher spatial resolution requires greater knowledge of the satellite’s orbit. However, sometimes global positioning system (GPS) is not able to provide accurate position information that the image resolution requires. In our experience, the smoothness of spaceborne SAR orbit can be helpful for autofocus. In this paper, a novel approach for autofocusing in spaceborne SAR is proposed. First, the modeling of the orbit in three-dimensions as polynomial functions is involved. Therefore, autofocusing can be achieved by estimating the polynomial coefficients. Then, several patches distributed over the SAR image are selected, and the optimal range history of the center point in each patch is obtained based on the maximum-contrast optimization. The estimated orbit of the whole scene can be derived through the range history information. Finally, the image can be refined with better focusing performance. The estimated orbit is capable of satisfying the optimal quality for every patch. Furthermore, with proper patch selection, including the number and the relative location of patches, better quality within the whole scene can be reconstructed by the estimated orbit. This method is tested and validated with simulation experiments and real data.
    Digital pre-distortion techniques for multibeam interactions on LEO satellites
    HUANG Chenguang, WANG Haiwang, SHAO Fengwei, LI Guotong
    2025, 42 (4): 519-527.  DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.042
    Abstract ( 338 ) PDF (0KB) ( 0 )
    The convergence of broadband LEO satellite communication systems with 5G is the development trend of satellite communication. To meet the demand for high-speed data transmission, multibeam technology based on large-scale digital phased arrays is indispensable. The peak-to-average ratio problem of multibeam signals induces the non-linear distortion of onboard power amplifiers, while the non-linear distortion of power amplifiers leads to serious interference between multibeams. A digital pre-distortion structure for multibeam is proposed for low-orbit satellite communication systems using large-scale phased arrays. A pre-distortion model is developed to solve the problems of non-linearity, intermodulation distortion and multibeam interference. Through simulation experiments, it is found that the proposed structure is more advantageous than the traditional pre-distortion structure in terms of performance and complexity balance, providing a feasible solution for the implementation of multibeam and overcoming non-linearity on board.
    Correlation analysis between light distribution area of SDGSAT-1 low-light images and impervious area at township scale
    WANG Zhao, YAN Dongmei, TANG Ping, ZHANG Zheng
    2025, 42 (4): 528-537.  DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.074
    Abstract ( 398 ) PDF (0KB) ( 0 )
    Taking Bozhou City, Anhui Province as the research area, the differences in the light intensity of several buildings with different uses in two phases were shown in a visualized way. The light area and the impervious area were analyzed by linear regression and IoU (intersection over union) to obtain the differences and changes in light distribution in urban and rural areas. The results show that: 1) Different building types have different light intensities at different times. 2) Due to the high spatial resolution, SDGSAT-1 low-light images can partially distinguish between the main road lights and building lights in urban areas. 3) The linear regression of the light area and the area of the impermeable layer can produce a good fitting effect in the urban area, but the light in the township area can not be well fitted with the area of the impermeable layer because it is not easy to be received by the sensor. 4) The IoU of light area and impervious area in the towns of Bozhou is related to GDP.
    Brief Reports
    Non-contact sleep apnea detection and classification using thermal imaging
    LIAO Chuchu, HUANG Zhipei, QIN Fei, WANG Yiquan, WANG Tao, TONG Yonggang
    2025, 42 (4): 538-546.  DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.066
    Abstract ( 313 ) PDF (0KB) ( 0 )
    Sleep apnea syndrome is a common and potentially harmful sleep disorder, and the classification and detection of sleep apnea can provide an important basis for the diagnosis of the disease. Due to their non-contact nature, video-based sleep monitoring systems are universally applicable for disease screening, among which thermal imaging cameras, with strong privacy protection, have attracted wide attention in recent years. In this paper, we propose a novel sleep apnea detection and classification method using thermal imaging. By obtaining the temporal information of thoracic and abdominal movement, a two-dimensional complex feature space mapping central and obstructive sleep apnea under different physiological mechanisms is constructed. Based on their statistical properties, the respiratory effort intensity feature and the respiratory effort asynchrony feature are proposed to achieve the classification and detection of two types of sleep apnea. Experimental results show that the accuracy of detecting both types of sleep apnea exceeds 97.0%. This work effectively overcomes the problem of difficulty in extracting valid information caused by observation noise and redundant information in videos, and is expected to assist in the actual screening and diagnosis of sleep disorders.
    Ultrasound-guided portable vessel puncture robot
    SUN Baiqiang, WANG Chongyang, LIN Peng, HE Guannan, JIANG Zhenming, BI Jianbin, LIU Hao
    2025, 42 (4): 547-553.  DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.061
    Abstract ( 301 ) PDF (0KB) ( 0 )
    Vascular puncture interventional surgery is a modern minimally invasive treatment method, which punctures the target vein and inserts guide wire to accurately reach the affected area for treatment. It has the characteristics of little trauma, fast recovery and high safety. However, due to the different depth of the vessel, it is difficult to locate and accurately puncture the target vessel in puncture interventional surgery. Current puncture devices are not suitable for emergency vasculature access in non-clinical settings due to their size and weight. We designed a portable ultrasound-guided robot for venous puncture. The robot observed the venous tube through ultrasonic equipment, aligned the ultrasonic image, puncture needle and target venous tube through mechanical structure, and realized venous puncture at different depths by adjusting the moving distance up and down. The robot is small and lightweight, making it portable for use in non-clinical conditions. Experiments show that compared with conventional puncture methods, the robot can reduce patient trauma, reduce the difficulty of operators, and improve the success rate of vascular puncture.
    P2P-Loc: point to point tiny person location
    YANG Yi, YU Xuehui, WANG Kuiran, YU Wenwen, WANG Zipeng, ZOU Jialing, HAN Zhenjun, JIAO Jianbin
    2025, 42 (4): 554-564.  DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.072
    Abstract ( 214 ) PDF (0KB) ( 0 )
    Bounding-box annotation form has been the most frequently used method for visual object localization tasks. However, bounding-box annotation relies on a large amount of precisely annotating bounding boxes, and it is expensive and laborious. It is impossible to be employed in practical scenarios and even redundant for some applications (such as tiny person localization) that the size would not matter. Therefore, we propose a novel point-based framework for the person localization task by annotating each person as a coarse point (CoarsePoint) instead of an accurate bounding box that can be any point within the object extent. Then, the network predicts the person’s location as a 2D coordinate in the image. Although this greatly simplifies the data annotation pipeline, the CoarsePoint annotation inevitably decreases label reliability (label uncertainty) and causes network confusion during training. As a result, we propose a point self-refinement approach that iteratively updates point annotations in a self-paced way. The proposed refinement system alleviates the label uncertainty and progressively improves localization performance. Experimental results show that our approach has achieved comparable object localization performance while saving up to 80% of annotation cost.
    Multispectral remote sensing image pan-sharpening method based on multi-residual network
    ZHOU Qingze, GUO Qing
    2025, 42 (4): 565-575.  DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.086
    Abstract ( 250 ) PDF (0KB) ( 0 )
    This paper proposes a multi-spectral remote sensing image sharpening method based on a deep convolutional neural network and residual network. The method addresses the problems of spectral distortion in traditional remote sensing image sharpening methods and insufficient information utilization between network layers in current deep learning-based methods. The proposed method uses the depth convolution and residual network to design the depth residual module to extract the spatial and spectral features of the deep image. Additionally, residual connections between sub-blocks are established to transmit gradient information to deeper networks and avoid gradient explosion problems, making the network more efficient. Experiments are conducted on simulated and real-world multi-spectral images from WorldView-2, and the results are compared with traditional and existing deep learning-based methods. The proposed method improves the spectral distortion phenomenon and learns deeper image features to better preserve the spatial and spectral information of the image. The proposed method outperforms the deep convolutional sharpening network method in terms of various evaluation metrics, including ERGAS, SAM, SCC, UIQI, and the global fusion quality evaluation index. The proposed method improves these metrics by 24.4%, 26.7%,6.2%,4.7%, and 6.3%, respectively. Subjective and objective evaluations and spectral curve also indicate that the proposed method significantly improves the spatial and spectral resolution of remote sensing images, especially under complex environmental conditions.
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    Analysis of Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market using Copula-VaR method
    Hao Li-Xiang, Cheng Xi-Jun
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2008, 25 (5): 682-686.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2008.5.017
    Abstract1754)      PDF(pc) (727KB)(17502)       Save
    Risk analysis of Portfolio is studied ,by comparing Copula functions and the traditional VaR methods,mixing copula is made. By backtesting ,the empirical research shows that mixing Copula method makes better VaR model .
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    Shape-dependent effects of nanoceria on the activity of Pd/CeO2 catalysts for CO oxidation
    WANG Lei, MAO Junyi, YUAN Qing, HUANG Tao
       2015, 32 (5): 594-604.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2015.05.004
    Abstract779)      PDF(pc) (9359KB)(15337)       Save

    The redox property of palladium nanoparticles (NPs) is pivotal to CeO2 supported Pd catalysts in oxidation reactions and is closely related to the structure of Pd-CeO2 interface. Herein, we report that low-temperature CO oxidation activity of Pd/CeO2 highly depends on the shape and crystal plane of CeO2 supports. Pd/CeO2 catalysts with CeO2 nanoocthedrons (NOCs) and nanocubes (NCs) as supports were prepared by colloidal-deposition method. Results show that Pd/CeO2 NOCs with ceria {111} facets enclosed exhibited much higher catalytic activity than Pd/CeO2NCs with ceria {100} facets exposed. DFT calculations revealed that the redox property of surface Pd species may play important roles in determining the reducibility and activity of catalysts. The PdOx to Pd cycle is more facile on Pd4@CeO2(111) than on Pd4@CeO2(100), which is dictated by the Pd-ceria interaction in the end. Our results show that the redox property of surface Pd is pivotal to the reducibility and activity of Pd/ceria catalysts, which could be tuned by manipulation of the Pd-CeO2 interaction via tuning the exposed facets of ceria support.

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    Upstream promoter sequences of Arabidopsis GH3 gene family
    SUN Tao, CHAI Tuan-Yao, ZHANG Yu-Xiu
       2010, 27 (6): 847-852.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2010.6.017
    Abstract2613)      PDF(pc) (154KB)(8244)       Save

    GH3 genes belong to a primary auxin-response gene family. The 10 promoter sequences of Arabidopsis GH3 genes were analyzed using bioinformatics method. The results show that the transcription start site of these genes is generally 65~145bp away from the start codon, and the TATA boxes are located in the (-24)-(-40)bp. MDB and MatInspector analyses show that most upstream regions of these GH3 genes contain the cis-elements required for tissue and organ-specific expression responding to phytohormones and external environment, indicating that the expressions of GH3 genes are strictly controlled by multi-factors. Gene chip data show that AuxREs is very important for GH3 genes in response to IAA treatment,but it is not the unique cis-element for auxin response.

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    Glycobiology-Essential for Discovery of Gene's Function
    Jin Cheng
       2001, 18 (1): 66-75.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2001.1.011
    Abstract1188)      PDF(pc) (427KB)(7964)       Save

    This paper overviews the significance, advances and future direction in the glycobiology field. Special emphasis is given to cell cell adhesion which is mediated by the interaction between carbohydrates and carbohydrates binding proteins (CBP). The roles of carbohydrates in the folding of nascent polypeptides, immune system, and cellular signal transductions are also reviewed. The scope also covers carbohydrates in infections, carbohydrates in diseases,and chemical synthesis/structural analysis of carbohydrates. Finally,the features and future directions of glycobiological research are pointed out by the author.

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    Advances in light field photography technique
    NIE Yun-Feng, XIANGLI Bin, ZHOU Zhi-Liang
       2011, 28 (5): 563-572.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2011.5.001
    Abstract3531)      PDF(pc) (1045KB)(7034)       Save

    Light field is a representation of full four-dimensional radiance of all rays with spatial and angular information in free space, and capture of light field data enables many new development potentials for computational imaging. The historical development of light field photography is summarized, and typical light field photography devices are categorized in view of capture methods for 4D light field. Based on the principles of light field camera, computational imaging theorem, refocusing theory, synthetic aperture refocusing algorithm, and light field microscopic technology are emphatically described. Finally, the promising application perspectives and existing critical issues of light field imaging are discussed.

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    Learning path planning methods
    LUO Zhongkai, ZHANG Libo
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2024, 41 (1): 11-27.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2022.061
    Abstract1603)      PDF(pc) (2927KB)(6881)       Save
    This review aims to guide the future development of related research in the field of learning path planning through the analysis of the current research status of learning path planning. Specifically, this review first introduces the definition of learning path planning and the commonly used parameters in learning path planning methods; then, it classifies in detail according to the algorithms used to generate learning path planning and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of various learning path planning methods. In addition, the data set and evaluation method used by the learning path planning method is introduced. Finally, the challenges faced by the learning path planning method are summarized and the future development trend is predicted.
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    Investigation on the Preparation of μ-Sized PMMA Microspheres by the Dispersion Polymerization
    WU Shao-Gui, LIU Bai-Ling
       2006, 23 (3): 323-330.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2006.3.007
    Abstract2499)      PDF(pc) (1120KB)(6407)       Save
    The micron-grade PMMA microspheres with narrow size distribution were prepared by dispersion polymerization. The mechanism of the dispersion polymerization was discussed. The factors influencing both the size and size distribution of the microspheres including initial concentrations of the initiator, monomer, stabilizer, the polarity of the medium and the reaction conditions were studied. The results indicated that the size and size distribution of microspheres both increased with initial concentrations of initiator and monomer. Increasing the amount of the stabilizer resulted in decreasing size and narrowing size distribution of microspheres. Other factors such as the polarity of medium and the reaction temperature had great influences too. By controlling these factors, the desired-size monodisperse microspheres could be obtained.
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    Quality Evaluation for Three Textual Document Clustering Algorithms
    LIU Wu-Hua, LUO Tie-Jian, WANG Wen-Jie
       2006, 23 (5): 640-646.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2006.5.012
    Abstract3020)      PDF(pc) (832KB)(6039)       Save
    Textual document clustering is one of the effective approaches to establish a classification instance of huge textual document set. Clustering Validation or Quality Evaluation techniques can be used to assess the efficiency and effective of a clustering algorithm. This paper presents the quality evaluation criterions from outer and inner. Based on these criterions we take three typical textual document clustering algorithms for assessment with experiments. The comparison results show that STC(Suffix Tree Clustering) algorithm is better than k-Means and Ant-Based clustering algorithms. The better performance of STC algorithm comes from that it takes accounts the linguistic property when processing the documents. Ant-Based clustering algorithm’s performance variation is affected by the input variables. It is necessary to adopt linguistic properties to improve the Ant-Based text clustering’s performance.
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    Recent Advances in the Biodegradability of PVA and its Derivative Material
    ZHANG Hui-Zhen, LIU Bai-Ling, LUO Rong
       2005, 22 (6): 657-666.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2005.6.001
    Abstract1131)      PDF(pc) (1257KB)(5690)       Save

    Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and its derivatives,the excellent water-soluble polymers,have attracted more and more attention,as they show the usability in many processes,as well as possess the promise of degradation in the presence of some specific microbials.In the present paper,the recent advances in the biodegradation of PVA and its derivatives,including the mechanism,influential factors,evaluation method and degradation environment etc,have been reviewed.Moreover,the latest development of PVA-based blendsPcomposites and their biodegradation is also introduced in the present article.

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    SA-DBSCAN:A self-adaptive density-based clustering algorithm
    XIA Lu-Ning, JING Ji-Wu
       2009, 26 (4): 530-538.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2009.4.015
    Abstract3790)      PDF(pc) (268KB)(5124)       Save

    DBSCAN is a classic density-based clustering algorithm. It can automatically determine the number of clusters and treat clusters of arbitrary shapes. In the clustering process of DBSCAN, two parameters, Eps and minPts,have to be specified by uses. In this paper an adaptive algorithm named SA-DBSCAN was introduced to determine the two parameters automatically via analysis of the statistical characteristics of the dataset, which enabled clustering process of DBSCAN fully automated. Experimental results indicate that SA-DBSCAN can select appropriate parameters and gain a rather high validity of clustering.

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    A block Gram-Schmidt algorithm with its application
    ZHAO Tao, JIANG Jin-Rong
       2009, 26 (2): 224-229.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2009.2.011
    Abstract3047)      PDF(pc) (820KB)(4928)       Save

    Gram-Schmidt algorithm is one of the fundamental methods in linear algebra, which is mainly used to compute QR decomposition. The classical and modified Gram-Schmidt are both based on level 1 or level 2 BLAS operations which have low cache reuse. In this paper, a new block Gram-Schmidt algorithm is proposed. The new algorithm ensures the orthogonality of resulting matrix Q is close to machine precision and improves performance because of using level 3 BLAS. Numerical experiments confirm the favorable numerical stability of the new algorithm and its effectiveness on modern computers.

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    Software protection method based on self-modification mechanism
    WANG Xiang-Gen, SI Duan-Feng, FENG Deng-Guo, SU Pu-Rui
       2009, 26 (5): 688-694.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2009.5.015
    Abstract1854)      PDF(pc) (173KB)(4397)       Save

    In this paper, we present a new method based on self-modification mechanism to protect softwares against illegal acts of hacking. The key idea is to converse key codes into data in the original program so as to make programs harder to analyze correctly. Then, we translate data to executable codes by enabling the virtual memory page which stores the hidden code to be executable at run-time. Our experiments demonstrate that the method is practical and efficient.

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    Design of high resolution camera system based on full frame CCDs
    LIU Guang-Lin, YANG Shi-Hong, WU Qin-Zhang, XIA Mo
       2007, 24 (3): 320-324.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2007.3.008
    Abstract2682)      PDF(pc) (1138KB)(4371)       Save
    A design of high resolution camera system based on DALSA’ s CCD evaluation kit EKxxxx was presented. It was composed of a pulse pattern generator (SAA8103), a vertical line driver (TDA9991), four analog-to-digital interfaces (TDA9965) and a system controller (P89LV51RD2). Camera link with medium configuration was adopted to transfer digital images. The software for controlling and debugging the camera was developed. To correct the non-uniformity of 4 outputs, a method based on two-point correction was described. The system can acquire ultra high resolution pictures at a high frame rate thus it is suitable for aero photography.
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    Heavy metals in aerosol in China: pollution, sources,and control strategies
    TAN Ji-Hua, DUAN Jing-Chun
       2013, 30 (2): 145-155.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.1002-1175.2013.02.001
    Abstract4118)      PDF(pc) (1395KB)(4346)       Save

    In recent years, the heavy metal pollution incidents in China were frequently reported. However, studies on pollution, sources, and control strategies of atmospheric heavy metals in China are rare. We summarize the research results reported in recent years. The features of pollution level, seasonal variation, regional differences, size distribution of the atmospheric heavy metal elements including Pb, V, As, Mn, Ni, Cr, and Cd in China are analyzed. The main sources, current control status, and control technologies of atmospheric heavy metals are discussed. Comprehensive suggestions for China's heavy metal pollution control are put forward based on the summarization of the progress and experience of the atmospheric heavy metal pollution control in other countries and regions.

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    Research of dehydration-inducible gene RD in characterization and function
    GONG Shufang, CHU Mingyang, YANG Yahan, QIAO Kun, WANG Jin'gang
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2022, 39 (2): 154-164.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2020.0054
    Abstract726)      PDF(pc) (5200KB)(4146)       Save
    Responsive to dehydration (RD) is a class of genes that regulates dehydration in plants. They are functionally tolerant to plant dehydration, some of which are responsive to abiotic stresses such as low temperature and high salinity. However, they belong to different families, respectively, and have discrepancy in the structure and function. In this paper, the structural composition, conserved motif, regulatory mechanism, and the function in response to biotic and abiotic stress were summarized in different RDs, as well as the different cis-acting elements in the promoter region played a role in response to abiotic stress so as to provide relevant basis for future researches on RD.
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    An easy-to-deploy behavior monitoring scheme for Android applications
    WANG Xueqiang, LEI Lingguang, WANG Yuewu
       2015, 32 (5): 689-694.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2015.05.016
    Abstract1252)      PDF(pc) (1223KB)(4136)       Save

    Malicious applications pose tremendous threats to Android platform. More than 90% of malicious codes are introduced in the form of Android apps. Hence, behavior monitoring scheme for Android applications are required in order to resolve the problem. However, most of the schemes are based on system customization and hard to deploy on devices for Android's fragmentation problem. In this paper, an easy-to-deploy Android application monitoring method on the basis of process hijacking is proposed after analysis of Android process model and code execution details. The method depends on Dalvik interpreter entry point and system call interception. The authors created a fully usable prototype of the system, and the evaluation results show that the system is easy to deploy, provides a whole-scale behavior of Android applications, and incurs little performance overhead.

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    Experiment and numerical simulation of thermal conductivity of uranium dioxide
    WANG Zeng-Hui, HUANG Xiao-Feng
       2009, 26 (3): 415-418.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2009.3.017
    Abstract2747)      PDF(pc) (929KB)(4105)       Save

    Uranium dioxide is a kind of steady nuclear fuel that has the characteristic of high melting point and steady property. The thermal conductivity of uranium dioxide can directly influence the temperature distribution of nuclear fuel and the max temperature of the center of nuclear fuel. The experimental results and expression of thermal conductivity have been compared in the paper. The deviation between the experiment results has decreased. The non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation results are in good agreement with the experiment results in medium temperature region. In low temperature region, it is necessary to add the quantum correction to the kinetic energy computation of phonon. In high temperature region, it is needed to use the accurate potential model and build up the electron gas energy transport model and photon radiation energy transport to study the thermal conductivity well and truly for the nuclear reactor safety design and uranium dioxide engineering application.

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    A CMOS high performance 50MSPS sample/hold circuit
    LI Tie, GUO Li, BAI Xue-fei
       2007, 24 (6): 788-793.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2007.6.010
    Abstract2829)      PDF(pc) (1540KB)(4021)       Save
    A high performance CMOS sample/hold circuit is presented, which achieves the precision of 10-bit over Nyquist band in 50-MHz sampling frequency at 3.3-V supply. This circuit uses full differential circuits, bottom-plate sampling, bootstrap circuits and high performance gain-boost operational amplifier. Simulation in 0.35-μm CMOS process shows the circuit consumes 18-mW of power.
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    Rice Varietal Improvement and Rice Production in China
    LI Hai-Ming
       2007, 24 (1): 1-8.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2007.1.001
    Abstract2053)      PDF(pc) (832KB)(3780)       Save
    The specific objective of the study is to analyse the adoption of improved varieties and the changes in characteristics of varieties across China. It also estimates the contribution of varietal improvement to rice production in China. The results indicated that the story of rice improvement over the past 50 years stood as an enormous success. Nearly 30% of the net gain in rice production came from varietal improvement. Compared with the beginning of 1980s, the numbers of released varieties have been improved by 1. 5 times, the share of total rice area planted to varieties with resistances has increased 10%, and the planting area of high-quality varieties has increased 50%. However, the declining contribution of varietal improvement since 1997 pointed out that government should encourage breeders to explore elite germplasm, improve breeding level, and break through yield stagnates so that varietal improvement can contribute greater to rice production.
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    Optimized Regulation Model of Human-Earth System Based on System Dynamics
    CHENG Ye-Qing
       2006, 23 (1): 83-90.   DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2006.1.016
    Abstract2262)      PDF(pc) (816KB)(3746)       Save
    study of human-earth system is the most important content in geography; regional sustainable development relies on the reasonable structure optimal model and effective regulation of regional human-earth system. County region is a complex and opening human-earth system, taking Huangling county as an example, the environment, resources exploitation, economic development and structure evolvement of industry were systematically analyzed. And the systematical dynamic model was established and multi-projects were simulated with the theory and method of system dynamic. Optimized regulation models of human-earth system evolvement were educed based on three projects: (1) Traditional evolvement method. The intensity of resource exploitation and environment pollution is the least, but the speed of its economy development is the lowest, which restrict social sustainable development and economic reproduction. (2) Economy development method. The intensity of resource exploitation and environment pollution is the worst, economic development mostly depends on higher investment and pollution, which is a traditional mode of unsustainable development. (3) Harmonious development mode. The mode considers not only economic sustainable development and natural recourses utilizing reasonably, but also gives more attention to environment protection and harmonious development of industry, agriculture, tourism and so on. It is the optimized mode of the human-earth system evolvement.
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    An adaptive variance reduction method with negative momentum
    LIU Hai, GUO Tiande, HAN Congying
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2024, 41 (5): 577-588.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2024.024
    Abstract1045)      PDF(pc) (3480KB)(1313)       Save
    Stochastic variance reduction methods have been successful in solving large scale machine learning problems, and researchers cooperate them with adaptive stepsize schemes to further alleviate the burden of parameter-tuning. In this article, we propose that there exists a trade-off between progress and effectiveness of adaptive stepsize arising in the SVRG-BB algorithm. To enhance the practical performance of SVRG-BB, we introduce the Katyusha momentum to handle the aforementioned trade-off. The linear convergence rate of the resulting SVRG-BB-Katyusha algorithm is proven under strong convexity condition. Moreover, we propose SVRG-BB-Katyusha-SPARSE algorithm which uses Katyusha momentum sparsely in the inner iterations. Numerical experiments are given to illustrate that the proposed algorithms have promising advantages over SVRG-BB, in the sense that the optimality gaps of the proposed algorithms are smaller than the optimality gap of SVRG-BB by orders of magnitude.
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    Seamless image completion via GAN inversion
    YU Yongsheng, LUO Tiejian
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2024, 41 (5): 705-714.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2022.075
    Abstract794)      PDF(pc) (10147KB)(1395)       Save
    Image completion is widely used in unwanted object removal and media editing, which aims to find a semantically consistent way to recover corrupted images. This paper is based on generative adversarial network (GAN) inversion, which leverages a pre-trained GAN model as an effective prior to filling in the missing regions with photo-realistic textures. However, existing GAN inversion methods ignore that image completion is a generative task with hard constraints, making final images have noticeable color and semantic discontinuity issues. This paper designs a novel bi-directional perceptual generator and pre-modulation network to seamlessly fill in the images. The bi-directional perceptual generator uses extended latent space to help the model perceive the non-missing regions of the input images in terms of data representations. The pre-modulated networks utilize a multiscale structure further providing more discriminative semantics for the style vectors. In this paper, experiments are conducted on Places2 and CelebA-HQ datasets to verify that the proposed method builds a bridge between GAN inversion and image completion and outperforms current mainstream algorithms, especially in FID metrics up to 49.2% enhancement at most.
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    Scientific connotation, contemporary value, and practical pathways of “Two Mountains” theory from the perspective of modern human-environment relationships
    MENG Gui, WANG Kaiyong
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2025, 42 (4): 487-495.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.073
    Abstract775)      PDF(pc) (2605KB)(1592)       Save
    Based on the perspective of human-earth relationships, firstly, this article analyzes the theoretical connotation of “Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” from the perspectives of philosophical meaning, geographical logic, and economic thinking. Secondly, from the three aspects of serving the rural revitalization, building a beautiful China, and building a community of human destiny, the era value of “Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”. Subsequently, from the perspective of coordinated development of human-earth relations, from the four aspects of highlighting the participation of people, the value of excavation land, maintaining human-land balance, and the standardized human and ground behavior, it proposed the development of the transformation from “lucid waters and lush mountains” to “gold and silver mountains”. Finally, according to the key issues that have not been resolved in the practical path, it is pointed out that future research should be strengthened on the selection of transformation path and model, the valuation of ecological products, and the evaluation of transformation efficiency of the “Two Mountains”.
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    Comparison study on classification accuracy of 11 common water indices based on Landsat 8 OLI images
    LI Longjie, YANG Yonghui
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2024, 41 (6): 755-765.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.088
    Abstract753)      PDF(pc) (13417KB)(765)       Save
    Water index is one of the most effective methods to extract water bodies from remote sensing images. There are many kinds of water index, each with its own characteristics. It is, therefore, necessary to select the index with best classification accuracy. Taking Shijiazhuang City as the research area, 11 common water indices were used to extract water bodies from Landsat 8 OLI images. The accuracy of the water index extraction results is validated by using the visual interpretation (VI) result as the standard classification map from Sentinel-2 MSI based on the area test method in combination with transition matrix and sampling test method. Results show little difference in the extraction of large water bodies among different water indices. Small ponds and rivers can better check the extraction ability of water index. It is proved that Water Index 2019 (WI2019) has the best water classification. WI2019 is then used to find out the recent expansion of water bodies after the start of South-to-North Water Diversion Project for water transfer. It was found that the area of surface water body in Shijiazhuang excluding large reservoirs increased significantly, from 42 km2 in 2014 to 62 km2 in 2020, an increase of 20 km2. In view of the canal seepage control treatment at the bottom of most newly added water bodies, with poor groundwater recharge function, and more ineffective evaporation, it is recommended to properly control the scale of water bodies in order to effectively reduce the waste of water transferred from outside.
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    Building extraction method based on MFF-Deeplabv3+ network for high-resolution remote sensing images
    CHEN Jingwei, LI Yu, CHEN Jun, ZHANG Hongqun
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2024, 41 (5): 654-664.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.010
    Abstract749)      PDF(pc) (20364KB)(714)       Save
    Automatic extraction of building information from high-resolution remote sensing images is of great significance in the fields of environmental monitoring, earthquake mitigation, and land use, making it a research hotspot in the field of high-resolution remote sensing applications. In order to improve the accuracy of building extraction from high-resolution remote sensing images, a building extraction method based on MFF-Deeplabv3+(multiscale feature fusion-Deeplabv3+) network for high-resolution remote sensing images is proposed in this paper. First, the multi-scale feature enhancement module is designed to enable the network to capture more scale context information; then, the feature fusion module is designed to effectively fuse deep features with shallow features to reduce the loss of detail information; finally, the attention mechanism module is introduced to select accurate features adaptively. In the comparison experiments of the Inria building dataset, MFF-Deeplabv3+ achieved the highest accuracy in PA, MPA, FWIoU, and MIoU metrics with 95.75%, 91.22%, 92.12%, and 85.01%, respectively, while the generalization experiments of the WHU building dataset achieved good results. The results show that this method extracts building information from high-resolution remote sensing images with high accuracy and strong generalization.
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    Influence and driving force of administrative division adjustment on urban spatial expansion: a case study of withdrawal from city into district in Jiutai, Changchun City
    DONG Yaojia, WANG Fuyuan, WANG Kaiyong
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2024, 41 (5): 612-624.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2022.080
    Abstract695)      PDF(pc) (11064KB)(788)       Save
    Removing counties (cities) into districts is one of the main modes of administrative division adjustment, which has an impact on the urban spatial structure. Using multi-temporal remote sensing images of Changchun, administrative division vector graphics and statistical survey data of social and economic conditions, this paper analyzes the evolution of construction land and economic development in Changchun City before and after Jiutai was withdrawn from the city and divided into districts. Utilizing ENVI software, GIS technology, and other means, this paper revealed the impact of Jiutai’s withdrawal from the city and the establishment as a district on the spatial expansion of Changchun City at the two-level spatial scale of Changchun City and Jiutai District. The research found that: 1) Dismantling the city into districts accelerated the expansion process of Jiutai District, which further affected the direction and extent of urban spatial expansion in Changchun City. 2) The decommissioning of the city into districts caused Jiutai and the main urban area of Changchun to converge towards each other, and the spatial distance between the two districts gradually narrowed. 3) The “polarization effect” of the Jiutai District became more pronounced after the city was withdrawn and divided into districts, and high-density clusters appeared in the main urban area of Changchun. 4) The division of counties (cities) into districts is an important driving force for urban spatial expansion, primarily reflected in three aspects: policy, industry, and land use.
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    An empirical study on the relationship between regional innovation capacity and economic development level in China
    CAO Sha, YAN Mengxue, REN Mei, ZHANG Yu
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2025, 42 (3): 339-349.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.078
    Abstract672)      PDF(pc) (4243KB)(582)       Save
    The study uses factor analysis, coupled coordination degree model, the Theil index, vector autoregression model, and other methods, and combines geographic spatial expressions to make a specific analysis of the coordinated benefits of China’s regional innovation capacity and economic development level as well as the dynamic evolution process of the two from 2002 to 2020. The results found that: 1) From 2002 to 2020, China’s regional innovation capacity and economic development level showed a synchronous growth trend, and the coupling coordination changed from weak to strong, roughly going through a temporal evolution process of “lagging coordination (2002-2006) → coordinated transition (2008-2010) → coordinated development (2012-2020) ”, showing the stage characteristics of tending to high-quality coordination transition. 2) Spatially, the degree of coupling coordination decreases from the coast to the interior, showing obvious characteristics of a step-like distribution. The Theil index fluctuates between 0.033 6 and 0.071 2, with small regional spatial differences and a decreasing trend. The disparity between groups is more significant than the disparity within groups. The intra-group gap and the contribution rate of the eastern and western regions are significantly higher than those of the central and northeastern regions, and both have a stronger influence on the overall geographical differences across the country. 3) There is a long-term stable equilibrium relationship between regional innovation capacity and economic development level, and regional innovation capacity is not the Granger cause of economic development level, but regional innovation capacity has a more significant contribution to China’s economic development level, and its contribution rate to economic development level is over 50%.
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    Public participation, environmental regulation, and residents' well-being: a bibliometric analysis based on CiteSpace
    ZOU Yurou, LIU Hong, LYU Chen
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2025, 42 (1): 134-144.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.080
    Abstract660)      PDF(pc) (9294KB)(873)       Save
    The research on the relationship between public participation, environmental regulation and residents’ well-being is of great significance for the scientific formulation of environmental regulation policies and the optimization of the governance environment. Using the data of journal papers collected by Web of Science and CNKI from 2006 to 2021, using CiteSpace bibliometric analysis software and combining with traditional review methods, this paper draws the following conclusions: 1) Chinese literature research hotspots have gone through three stages: the western experience discussion of public participation in environmental governance and the initial stage in China, the theoretical model analysis of public participation in environmental governance and the empirical research stage of influencing factors, the evaluation of residents’ well-being effect of environmental regulation and the specific case study of public participation in environmental regulation. English literature research initially focused on the participation of residents at the community level in environmental regulation, and then focused on the exploration of problems and influencing factors in practice. At present, it focuses on the impact of environmental regulation on residents’ well-being and environmental health inequity and big data analysis applications; 2) The academic community has not yet reached a consistent conclusion on the impact of public participation in environmental regulation and residents’ well-being. The study confirms that environmental regulation has a positive impact on residents’ health and enhances individual subjective well-being, but at the same time it exacerbates the income gap between residents and between regions; 3) The research trend shows that the research perspective changes from macro to micro, the research method changes from statistical model to spatial analysis and quasi-natural experiment method, and the variable measurement changes from single index to comprehensive index; 4) Future research needs to focus on the analysis and optimization of government response mechanism, the research on the equity of environmental regulations on residents’ well-being, and the improvement and perfection of research methods, data, and variable measurement methods.
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    Remote sensing semantic segmentation method based on high-resolution relational graph convolutional network
    WANG Yinda, CHEN Jiahui, PENG Ling, LI Zhaobo, YANG Lina
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2025, 42 (1): 107-115.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.079
    Abstract655)      PDF(pc) (7470KB)(819)       Save
    Semantic segmentation of remote sensing images is an important task in remote sensing image processing and analysis, especially in multi-category semantic segmentation. Current methods mainly revolve around convolutional neural networks, but convolution only focuses on the local information of the image while ignoring the global information. Therefore, inspired by high resolution network (HRNet) and relational graph convolutional network (R-GCN), this paper proposes a high-resolution relational graph convolutional network (HRGCN) for multi-category semantic segmentation. Firstly, simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) is done on the original image, and the result is used to segment the feature map output from HRNet to obtain superpixel blocks with high homogeneity and containing multi-resolution information; then graph nodes and edges are constructed based on the superpixel blocks, and R-GCN is used to classify the graph nodes, so as to learn the long-distance dependency between different features and complete the extraction and classification of remote sensing images. The HRGCN model designed in this paper is experimented on Potsdam and Vaihingen datasets, and the results are compared with the existing methods, and the $\bar{F}_1$ values and MIoU values are improved to certain degrees, which proves that the method has good advancement.
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    Lightweight network for fast ship detection in SAR images
    ZHOU Wenxue, ZHANG Huachun
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2024, 41 (6): 776-785.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.017
    Abstract628)      PDF(pc) (34205KB)(831)       Save
    In the field of SAR image ship detection based on deep learning, traditional models are usually complex in structure and require a large amount of calculation, making them unsuitable for low computing power platforms and real-time detection. And convolutional neural networks that rely on preset anchor boxes will lead to a lot of computational redundancy due to the difficulty of setting a reasonable anchor box. To solve these problems, an end-to-end lightweight convolutional neural network based on anchor-free design is proposed, and a lightweight channel attention module (EESE) is designed and applied to the detection head (ED-head), to resolve the conflict between classification and localization tasks. In addition, an optimized EIOU loss function is proposed, which enables the model to effectively improve the network performance without increasing the inference time. The proposed method is tested on the SSDD dataset, and the experimental results show that compared to YOLOX-nano, AP50 and AP are increased by 2.1 and 7.4 percentage points, respectively, with the CPU latency being only 5.33 ms, much less than 13.13 ms of YOLOX-nano. The proposed method achieves a balance between accuracy and efficiency.
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    Detection method and characterization of ramp events of wind speed and wind power based on swinging door algorithm
    LIANG Zhi, ZHANG Zhe, SHI Yu, LIU Lei
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2024, 41 (6): 821-829.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.014
    Abstract596)      PDF(pc) (13853KB)(2312)       Save
    The ramp event of wind speed is a large increase or decrease in wind speed within a short period, causing a significant change in wind farm power, affecting the safe operation of the grid and even triggering accidents such as frequency reduction and voltage collapse. This paper selects the simultaneous data of wind turbines and meteorological towers in wind farms, identifies the ramp events by the swinging door algorithm (SDA), analyzes the duration, magnitude and change rate of the ramp events, and discusses the influence of mountainous terrain on them. In this paper, the recognition algorithm of the ramp event of wind speed and power is designed based on the SDA, and the algorithm parameters are set as follows: the time threshold 4 h, wind speed threshold 6 m·s-1, and power threshold 1 000 kW. For the recognition of ramp events in other wind turbines, this paper suggests using 2/3 value of the difference between rated wind speed and cut-in wind speed as the wind speed threshold parameter, and 2/3 value of rated power as the power threshold parameter. The terrain influence on the ramp event is significant, and the ramp event is more related to the altitude and average wind speed at the turbine, and the time proportion of the ramp event under different terrain ranges from 6.5% to 9.8%, with the average value of 7.8%.
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    Numerical study of natural convection heat transfer from neck folds of the frill-neck lizard
    JIA Chongxi, WANG Hao, LIU Jie, LU Wenqiang
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2024, 41 (6): 736-745.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2022.078
    Abstract576)      PDF(pc) (11787KB)(717)       Save
    In this paper, the physical modeling of frill-neck lizard, a reptile with special heat dissipation structure, was carried out, and the natural convection heat transfer properties of it were numerically studied. It was found that there was only one maximum heat transfer coefficient in the range of 45°-85°, which was obtained at around 65° for the simulation of different field angle adjustments of frill-neck lizard neck fold. At the same time, by changing the size of frill-neck lizard neck fold, it was also observed that there was a unique maximum convection heat transfer coefficient in the range of 6.3≤ L0/d ≤6.6. In addition, the field angle and area corresponding to the maximum heat transfer rate were close to the natural state of Australian subspecies. Therefore, it can be inferred that the evolution direction of frill-neck lizard neck fold may be beneficial to improving the natural convection heat transfer rate. Hence, the natural convection between frill-neck lizard and external environment may be considered as an important reason affecting the evolution direction of Chlamydosaurus kingii neck fold.
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    Impact and mechanism of relocation of urban administrative center on spatial expansion: taking Qingdao as an example
    XU Shaojie, WANG Kaiyong, WANG Fuyuan
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2025, 42 (2): 276-288.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.075
    Abstract547)      PDF(pc) (15865KB)(887)       Save
    The administrative center is a core element in the framework of administrative division research. The location, adjustment, and change of a city’s administrative center can significantly impact the spatial form and structure of the city. This paper takes Qingdao City as a case study and utilizes the CLCD dataset, along with GIS spatial analysis methods, to quantitatively measure the spatial and temporal patterns of urban construction land expansion after the relocation of the administrative center. It analyzes the differences in urban built-up area spatial expansion before and after the relocation and explores the mechanisms of how the relocation of the administrative center influences urban spatial expansion. The results show that:1) After relocating the administrative center, Qingdao’s construction land area exhibits higher average values for the number, rate, and intensity of expansion compared to before relocation, indicating that the relocation of the administrative center accelerates urban construction land expansion in Qingdao; 2) The relocation of the administrative center has led to an agglomeration trend in Qingdao’s urban spatial expansion, with a shift towards polycentric agglomeration, and the primary hotspot of spatial expansion lies along the Jiaozhou Bay Ring; 3) Land finance is the direct cause of urban spatial expansion following the relocation of Qingdao’s administrative center. The strengthening of land finance enhances the spatial governance capacity of the government, further promoting the reconfiguration of production factors, urban planning, and urban functions in Qingdao. As a result, this process indirectly influences the city’s spatial expansion. The findings of this study emphasize the significance of incorporating the spatial impact of administrative center relocation into urban planning and development strategies. These findings can serve as a reference for the strategic relocation of urban administrative centers and the planning of future urban development directions.
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    Continuity of truncated Hardy-Littlewood maximal function
    WANG Yidong, WU Jia, YAN Dunyan
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2024, 41 (6): 721-727.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.045
    Abstract541)      PDF(pc) (854KB)(340)       Save
    This paper focuses on the continuity of the truncated Hardy-Littlewood maximal function. We first show that the truncated Hardy-Littlewood maximal function is lower semi-continuous. Then by investigating the behavior of the truncated Hardy-Littlewood maximal function when the truncated parameter γ changes, we obtain an equivalent condition of the continuity of the truncated Hardy-Littlewood maximal function.
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    Point cloud compression of deep learning based on multi-scale feature and attention mechanism
    HUANG Yulin, LIANG Lei, LI Weijun, XI Xiaohuan
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2024, 41 (5): 687-694.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.077
    Abstract535)      PDF(pc) (11120KB)(517)       Save
    3D point clouds have extensive applications in the auto-drive, 3D real scene, and other fields. But complex scene requires massive point clouds to represent which brings great challenges to storage space, data processing and transmission bandwidth. A multi-scale attention point cloud geometry compression (MSA-GPCC) is proposed to compress point cloud data based on multi-scale features, attention mechanism, and variational auto-encoders (VAE). Experiments and analysis are carried out based on MPEG data sets. The results show that MSA-GPCC performs better than those of the traditional G-PCC and deep-learning-based D-PCC algorithms, D1 BD-PSNR is improved by 7.72 and 4.91 dB respectively, and D2 BD-PSNR is improved by 5.56 and 3.09 dB respectively.
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    Potoushan Kaolin Deposit in the middle of the Greater Khingan Range: identification of lithocaps and its significance
    SONG Guoxue, QIN Zhangwei, ZHANG Daiyue, ZHENG Fangshun, XIONG Yuxin
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2025, 42 (3): 289-303.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2024.065
    Abstract535)      PDF(pc) (30322KB)(290)       Save
    The area of volcanic and plutonic rocks in the Greater Khingan Range accounts for about 75%, characterized by the development of copper, molybdenum, tin, lead zinc, gold and silver, and rare metal minerals related to magmatic and hydrothermal activities. The middle section of the Greater Khingan Range, where the Potoushan Kaolin Deposit is located, mainly develops a compound mineralization system consisting of porphyry type mineralization, epithermal type mineralization, cryptoexplosive breccia type mineralization, and skarn type mineralization, but its overall exploration level is relatively low. Samples from the mining pit and shallow drill cores of the Potoushan kaolin mine have been identified minerals such as kaolinite, dikaite, alunite, pyrophyllite, microveined quartz, chalcedony quartz, sericite, chlorite, boehmite, gypsum, barite, pyrite, sphalerite, tellurite, pyrargyrite, cinnabar, limonite, etc., with the characteristic of developing low-temperature advanced argillation such as kaolinization, dickitization, alunitization, clayification, and silicification (chalcedony quartz), belonging to the top lithocap of deep porphyry-epithermal system. Based on the identified typical altered minerals, trace metal minerals, and four types of hydrothermal breccia within the mining area, it is speculated that there may be a potential ore bearing magma-hydrothermal system in the deep of Potoushan lithocaps. For the Greater Khingan Range, the extensive magmatic activity from the Paleozoic to Mesozoic and the moist and thick forest cover provided sufficient conditions for the development and preservation of lithocaps. It is suggested that future geological research and exploration work should pay more attention to lithocap for discovering more lithocaps, identifying their altered minerals, and researching their genetic mechanisms, to provide theoretical supports for further exploration of potential ore bearing magma-hydrothermal systems in the region.
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    A pose estimation algorithm for spatial non-cooperative targets based on point cloud registration
    GUO Sujie, GUO Chongbin
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2024, 41 (5): 677-686.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.027
    Abstract530)      PDF(pc) (14155KB)(644)       Save
    Aiming at pose estimation for non-cooperative targets in on-orbit maintenance operations of space robots, we propose a pose estimation algorithm based on point cloud registration. Firstly, the hybrid filtering algorithm preserves the shape of the point cloud to the greatest extent while reducing its density. Then, the principal component analysis algorithm is used to establish the eigenvector transformation. The RANSAC algorithm is employed for coarse registration, followed by the improved ICP algorithm for fine registration, which results in the estimation of the rotation matrix, translation matrix, and attitude. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. Simulated satellite point cloud models processed by rotation-translation transformations and Gaussian noise are used to verify the point cloud registration performance. The satellite model scene collected by a TOF camera point cloud is used to validate the pose estimation algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm has improved anti-noise performance, and showed higher robustness compared to traditional registration algorithms, with rotation attitude angle error less than 0.4° and displacement error less than 3 mm.
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    A method to extract forest cover information by fusing Transformer and UNet
    LIAO Lingcen, LIU Wei, LIU Shibin
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2025, 42 (3): 350-360.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.049
    Abstract525)      PDF(pc) (19494KB)(773)       Save
    Forest cover information extraction is one of the essential tasks in forest remote sensing applications, which is of great significance for forest resource management, ecological environment protection, and climate change research. Traditional convolutional neural network-based methods can effectively extract local features, but struggle to capture long-range dependencies and global context information. To address this issue, we propose a method for forest cover information extraction that fuses Transformer and UNet, referred to as DiUNet. This approach embeds Transformer modules into the UNet network to enhance its perception of long-range dependencies and global context information. Meanwhile, considering the fragmentation, irregularity, and inconsistent scale of forest cover information, our method enhances the model’s ability to capture spatial information by using relative position encoding to increase the positional information, enabling the model to capture features at different levels and scales. We constructed a forest cover information dataset based on Landsat 8 and CDL data layers and conducted in-depth experimental analyses on this dataset. In the comparative experiments, DiUNet achieved the best results in accuracy, recall, F1 score, intersection-over-union, and frequency-weighted intersection-over-union indices, which were 91.22%, 92.66%, 91.94%, 85.08%, and 81.65%, respectively. The model also performed well in generalization experiments. The experimental results show that the DiUNet method outperforms existing methods in forest cover information extraction and has high robustness and generalization capabilities.
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    Medium-term prediction of earthquakes in Southern California using LSTM neural network
    WANG Yixuan, ZHANG Huai, SHI Yaolin, CHENG Shu
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2025, 42 (2): 199-208.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.068
    Abstract496)      PDF(pc) (8314KB)(538)       Save
    This paper explores earthquake prediction using neural networks, focusing mainly on using long-short-time memory (LSTM) neural networks to construct an earthquake prediction model. Based on the Southern California earthquake catalog data from 1932 to 2021, the earthquake catalog from January 1932 to March 2002 was used as the training set(80% of the entire earthquake catalog), and the earthquake catalog from March 2002 to September 2021 was used as the test set (the remaining 20%). The LSTM neural network was selected, and 11 earthquake prediction factors reflecting the spatiotemporal intensity distribution characteristics of the earthquake time series data were calculated from the training set. The maximum magnitude label corresponding to these factors was used to construct the model. The test set was then used for retrospective prediction testing. The model’s prediction performance was evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, and R-value, which were calculated based on the values in the confusion matrix. The results show that the prediction has achieved certain results, predicting the M7.2 earthquake in April 2010. The R-value of some models is significantly higher than China’s current medium-term prediction level. However, the value of the evaluation model is still not ideal, and further exploration is needed.
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    Low-complexity CA-SCL decoding optimization algorithm for low-orbit satellite communication
    HU Xiuqi, HOU Huiling, LIANG Guang, YU Jinpei
    Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences    2024, 41 (5): 715-720.   DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2023.016
    Abstract493)      PDF(pc) (3536KB)(848)       Save
    Based on the low-orbit satellite communication environment with limited hardware resources, this paper uses polarization code as the channel coding method, and combines the successive redundancy check (CRC) assisted successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder (CA-SCL) with critical sets and adaptive algorithms to propose an optimized CA-SCL decoder (OCASCL). The performance of the OCASCL decoder is better than the classic SCL decoder, the computational complexity can be reduced by 65%-70%.
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