桦木科植物的花粉形态研究

中国科学院大学学报

桦木科植物的花粉形态研究

陈之端

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1991-11-10 发布日期:1991-11-10
通讯作者: 陈之端

Pollen Morphology of the Betulaceae

Chen Zhi-Duan

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1991-11-10 Published:1991-11-10
Contact: Chen Zhi-Duan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对桦木科植物(包括6属36种)的花粉进行了光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察；系统地描

述了各属的花粉形态，划分了三种花粉类型，即桦木型、榛型、鹅耳枥型，并澄清了前人在带状加厚、孔盖和颗粒层等概念上的模糊认识。根据花粉的形态，作者不支持Hutchinson(1973)和Dahlgren(1983)把桦木科分成两个科，即榛科(包括榛属、虎榛子属、鹅耳枥属和铁木属)和桦科(包括桤木属和桦木属)；而同意Abbe(1974)将桦木科作为三个族来处理，并且认为虎榛子属应该从榛族分出，置于鹅耳枥族；尽管作者不支持Kuprianova(1963)将桦木科划分为三个科，但本文所提出的三个族与Kuprianova的三个科只是分类等级上的差异。

关键词: 桦木科, 花粉形态

Abstract:

Pollen grains of 6 genera, including 36 species, of the Betulaceae, were examined

under LM, SEM and TEM.Their morphological characters are described and three types of

pollen are distinguished here. The evidence from pollen morphological characters does not

support Hutchinson's (1973)and Dahlgren's (1983)treatments which divided the Betulaceae

into two families: Corylaceae ( including Corylus, Ostryopsis, Carpinus and Ostrya) and

Betulaceae (including Alnus and Betula). The author agrees with Abbe's (1974)division of

the Betulaceae into three tribes with one modification that Ostryopsis is transferred from the

tribe Coryleae to the tribe Carpineae. The limits of the three tribes presented here are the same

as Kuprianova's (1963) treatment in which she divided the Betulaceae into three families. It is

more reasonable to treat Kuprianova's families as tribes. Pollen morphological characters of

the three tribes of the Betulaceae are described as follows:

1. Tribe Betuleae (including Alnus and Betula): Pollen grains are triporate or

stephanoporate and oblate, suboblate or spheroidal. Sometimes the exine has arci and the

ektexine thickens in the apertural region; the sculpture of exine is slightly rugulate under

scanning electron microscope (SEM) ; the exine structure is four-layered: tectum,

columellae, footlayer and endexine. The columellae are columellate, the endexine thickens in

the apertural region and sometimes it is separated from the footlayer to form vestibulum.

2. Tribe Coryleae (only Corylus): Pollen grains are triporate and suboblate. The exine

has no arci and the ektexine does not thicken in the apertural region; the sculpture of exine is

slightly rugulate under SEM; the exine structure is five-layered: granular layer, tectum,

columellae, footlayer and endexine. The tectum is vovered with a granular layer, the

columellae granular and the endexine thickens but is not separated from the footlayer in the

apertural region.

3. Tribe Carpineae (including Ostryopsis, Carpinus and Ostrya): Pollen grains are

mostly triporate and suboblate. The exine has no arci and the ektexine does not thicken in the

apertural region; the sculpture of exine is slightly rugulate under SEM; the exine structure is

five-layered which is the same as those of the Coryleae. The tectum is covered with a

granular layer, the columellae are columellate and the endexine is neither thickened nor sepa-

rated from the footlayer in the apertural region. The operculum exists on the top of aperture

membrane.

Key words: Betulaceae, Pollen morphology

陈之端. 桦木科植物的花粉形态研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Chen Zhi-Duan. Pollen Morphology of the Betulaceae[J]. .

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