中国及其邻近地区松杉类特有属的现代生态地理分布及其意义

中国科学院大学学报

中国及其邻近地区松杉类特有属的现代生态地理分布及其意义

应俊生, 李良千

(中国科学院植物研究所)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1981-11-18 发布日期:1981-11-18
通讯作者: 应俊生

Ecological distribution of endemic genera of Taxads and Conifers in China and neighbouring area in relation to phytogeographical significance

Ying Tsün-Shen, Li Liang-Qian

(Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1981-11-18 Published:1981-11-18
Contact: Ying Tsün-Shen

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

1．我国及其邻近地区松杉类特有属，主要分布于我国东南部、南部和西南

部，大约相当于我国亚热带常绿阔叶林带的范围。其垂直分布一般在海拔100—

1800米之间，少数属可达2800米，但不逾越海拔3000米。

2．我国松杉类特有属分布地区的水热条件，大致为年平均温度在10℃-20℃之间，绝对最低温度为-6.3℃——11.3℃，

年降水量一般在2000毫米左右。土壤pH 4．0—5．5之间，呈酸性反应。

3．我国及其邻近地区松杉类特有属数约占全世界松杉类特有属数的37.5%，是世界上最丰富、分布最为集中的地区。这些属的化石出现于晚白垩纪或第三纪时期。因此，我国无疑是松杉类特有属的现代地理分布中心和保存中心。这对进一步研究松杉类植物的发生和发展，具有重要的意义。

Abstract:

With highly varied ecological conditions resulted from wide latitudinal and altitu-

dinal ranges and from adequate precipitation, China has developed a very rich flora of

great diversity. As far as Taxads and Conifers is concerned, there are 158 species and

43 varieties of them in China, belonging to 6 families and 30 genera, of which 9 genera

are endemic. In the present paper the ecological distribution of these endemic genera

and its phytogeographical significance are discussed.

1. There are 9 endemic genera of Taxads and Conifers in China and neighbouring

area. They are distributed in the mountain areas of southern, southeastern and south-

western China (fig. 1-2) at an altitude of 100-1800 meters, with a few endemic

genera reaching as high as 2800 meters.

2. The mean annual temperature varies between 10℃-20℃, with an extreme

minimum between -6.3℃ to-11.3℃. The soil pH is between 4.5-5.5, indicating an

acidic reaction.

3. As is shown in figure 3, 24 endemic genera of Taxads and Conifers are known

to occur in differant parts of the world. Among them, China and neighbouring area

ranks the first in having 9 genera. Australia is the second with 5 genera, southern

Chile is third (3), followed by Japan (2), western North America (2), New Caledonia

(2), and southeastern Siberia, USSR (1). Of the Chinese endemic genera, the first

appearence in the fossil records is in the deposits of late Cretaceous or Tertiary (table

1.). It is probable that the southern, southeastern and south-western parts of China is

not only the main centre of recent distribution, but also one of the chief survival cen-

ters of endemic genera of Taxads and Conifers in the world.

应俊生, 李良千. 中国及其邻近地区松杉类特有属的现代生态地理分布及其意义[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Ying Tsün-Shen, Li Liang-Qian. Ecological distribution of endemic genera of Taxads and Conifers in China and neighbouring area in relation to phytogeographical significance[J]. .