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满江红光合器的显微和亚显微观察

施定基, 李守全, 常永桢   

  1.   (中国科学院植物研究所,北京)
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1984-02-18 发布日期:1984-02-18
  • 通讯作者: 施定基

Studies on the Microstructure and Ultrastructure of Photosynthetic Apparatuses in Azolla

Shi Ding-Ji, Li Shou-Quan, Chang Yong-Zhen   

  1. (Institute of Botany, Academic sinica, Beijing)
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1984-02-18 Published:1984-02-18
  • Contact: Shi Ding-Ji

摘要:

本文对中国自然分布的满江红Azolla imbricata(Roxb)Nakai的光合器(叶片、叶绿
    体和共生兰藻)作了观察,并与 A.filiculoides,A.japonica,A.caroliniana,A.pinnata和A.
    mexicana作了某些比较。
    用光学显微镜观察了 A.imbricata 叶片的横切片,井研究了蕨-藻共生关系。共生兰藻不
    仅存在于成熟叶片的叶腔中,而且在叶片发育的早期阶段就在叶原基周围,甚至还能在大孢子
    中找到。在叶腔中蕨体伸出多细胞的腺毛与兰藻相连。
        借助于扫描电子显微镜能观察到各种满江红叶子背裂片的表面都有疣突和气孔。疣突的
    形状随种而不同。属于三膘满江红亚属Subgen.Euazolla的种(即A.filiculoides,A.japonia,
    A.caroliniana和A.mexicana)具有圆形的疣突;属于九膘满江红亚属  Subgen.Rhizosperma
    的种(即A.imbricata和A.pinnata),其疣突呈长卵形。  这种形态上的特征首次被报道与分
    类系统有关。
        用透射电子显微镜得到的结果表明,A.filiculoides比A.imbricata在叶绿体中含有较多
    的类囊体,而且前者的基粒片层比后者有较多的垛叠。  这与它们的光合能力相符。这也可能
    是两个亚属之间的一种差异。
        共生的满江红鱼腥藻Anabaena azollae的亚显微结构与自由生活的Anabaena相似。  营
    养细胞有典型的双层壁,而异形胞有加厚的细胞壁。  这两种细胞中的类囊体通常呈螺旋形泡
状。在营养细胞分裂时,细胞内含物发生聚集和再分配。

关键词: 满江红, 光合器, 显微结构, 亚显微结构, 分类系统

Abstract:

The structures of photosynthetic apparatuses such as leaves, chloroplasts and
symbiotic cyanobacterum (blue-green algae) in Azolla-Anabaena azollae associations (Azolla
imbricata (Roxb) Nakai) which occur in paddy fields of China were examined using light,
scanning  and transmission  electrn microscopy.  Some comparisons were made with A.
filiculoides, A. japonica, A. caroliniana, A. pinnata and A. mexicana.
      Cross sections of A. imbricata were observed by light microscopy and the symbiotic as-
sociation between the eukaryotic water fern and its prokaryotic blue-green algal symbiont, an
Anabaena, was studied. The symbiotic cyanobacterum cells occur not only in a mature leaf
cavity, but also in early stages of leaf development, around leaf primordia, and even in ma-
crospores.
     Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) it is possible to see stomata and nipples on
the surface of dorsal lobes of the fern. The species in the subgenus Euazolla (i.e.A. filicu-
loides, A. japonica, A. caroliniana and A. mexicana) have rounded nipples, but those in the
subgenus Rizosperma (i.e.A. imbricata and A. pinnta) prolate ones. This morphological
character is first reported to be related to the taxonomic system.
      The result of the observation with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows
that A. filiculoides contains more thylakoides in chloroplasts than A. imbricata does, and the
grana lamellae have more stacks in the former than in the latter. The differences are in ag-
reement with the differentiation of the two species in photosynthetic capacity. This may be
one of the differences between the two subgenera.
      The ultrastructures of the symbiotic cyanobacterum are similar to those of free-living
Anabaena. The vegetative cells show a typical bilayered cell wall and the heterocysts have a
thikened wall. The thylakoid membranes in both heterocysts and vegetative cells are often
seen forming whirls. During the division of vegetative cells, their contents aggregate and then redistribute.

Key words: Azolla imbricate, Photosynthetic apparatuses, Microstructue, Ultrastructure, Taxonomic system