西藏的马先蒿属植物及其来源与演化的探讨

中国科学院大学学报

西藏的马先蒿属植物及其来源与演化的探讨

杨汉碧

(中国科学院植物研究所)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1982-02-18 发布日期:1982-02-18
通讯作者: 杨汉碧

On the origin and evolution of the genus Pedicularis L. in Xizang

Yang Han-Pi

(Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1982-02-18 Published:1982-02-18
Contact: Yang Han-Pi

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文对西藏地区马先蒿植物的分类、演化、地理分布和来源进行了初步探

讨。

1．本属植物种类在西藏非常丰富，有108种，为全国总种数的33%。其中

特有种35个，占总种数的35．9%。这一特点在藏东南地区表现尤为明显，这里

拥有全西藏82．7%。的种类和88%。的特有种。

2．从花、叶征状与演化关系来看，在藏东南地区具有从原始的互生叶无齿类

型和对生叶有齿类型到有喙、有管的进化花冠类型，而且在演化上是非常活跃的。

3．这里出现几乎各种形态类型的花粉，尤以独特类型的三沟、原始的三合沟

占绝对优势。而且具进化类型的二合沟花粉的种几乎全是有喙、长管花的类型，

二者之间的进化趋势和相关性十分明显。

综合上述特征，可以认为藏东南地区是本属植物的演化中心。

4．根据毗邻地区的区系地理研究，认为西藏的马先蒿属植物主要来源于东

部的川西、滇西北高原边缘山地，至于与其它地区如不丹、尼泊尔，和我国新疆、

青海、甘肃的关系是不密切的，共同种类多系广布种。

我国西藏自治区位于青藏高原西南部，周围为喜马拉雅山脉，昆仑山脉和唐古拉山脉

所环绕，幅员辽阔，地势高亢，是世界上最高最大，而且在地质史上最年轻的高原的主体。

高原及其边缘山地这一独特而复杂的自然环境，对于这个地区植物的地理分布和系统发

育有极其深刻地影响，在这些研究领域内具有特殊的意义。本文试图就编写西藏植物

志^［^1］过程中，接触到的马先蒿属植物来源与演化问题提出一些浅见。

Abstract:

The present paper is a preliminary research of the taxonomy, evolution, geogra-

phical distribution and origin of the species of the Genus Pedicularis L. in Xizang

plateau. It may be summed up as follows:

1. There are 108 species of Pedicularis in Xizang, representing about 33% of the

total species of the genus known in China. Among these species, there are 35 endemics,

about 35.9% of the total species of the genus, this is especially true in Southeastern

Xizang. Where there are 82.7% of total species of Xizang and 88% of endemics

reported.

2. According to the relationships of the morphology of flower, leaf and evolution,

the genus Pedicularis in Southeastern Xizang seems very active in evolution, because

there is a wide range of flower types varying from the primitive alternate-toothless

and opposite-toothed to the advanced beaked and long-tubed corolla-types.

3. There are almost all morphological types of the pollen, especially, the primi-

tive particular tricolpate type is decidedly dominant, and the species with derived

type of bicolpate pollen almost all belong to the beeked, long-tubed type of flowers;

therefore, the evolutionary tendency and correlation between two types is very clear.

According to above conditions, it may be considered that Southeastern Xizang is

the evolutionary centre of the Genus Pedicularis L.

4. Basing upon the floristic-geographical analysis of neighbouring regions, we may

consider that the members of genus Pedicularis in Xizang mainly come from the East,

i.e. the mountains of the plateau frontier in Western Sichuan and Northwestern

Yunnan.

Finally, the floral relationships with other regions such as Buthan, Nepal, Xinjiang

and Qinghai, Gansu, etc. are not so close, because the species in common are not very

many and usually widely distributed species.

杨汉碧. 西藏的马先蒿属植物及其来源与演化的探讨[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Yang Han-Pi. On the origin and evolution of the genus Pedicularis L. in Xizang[J]. .