论中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区乌头属植物地理分布特点

中国科学院大学学报

论中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区乌头属植物地理分布特点

李良千

(中国科学院植物研究所，北京)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1988-06-18 发布日期:1988-06-18
通讯作者: 李良千

On Distributional Features of the Genus Aconitum in Sino-Himalayan Flora

Li Liang-Qian

(Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Beijing)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1988-06-18 Published:1988-06-18
Contact: Li Liang-Qian

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文对乌头属Aconitum L．植物分布区内各地区的分布作了分析，统计了各地区不

同等级分类群的频度，认为中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区是乌头属植物地理分布最大的频度中心、

多样性中心和特有种的分布中心。文中还讨论了乌头属内的演化关系，以及本属与邻近属的

系统发育关系，发现在中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区既有许多原始类群，又有大量的进化类群，提出

了本亚区不但是本属植物原始类群的保存中心，而且是活跃的分化中心。产生上述结果的原

因可能与喜马拉雅山脉的抬升以及本亚区复杂的自然条件有着密切的关系。

关键词: 中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区, 乌头属, 地理分布, 特有植物

Abstract:

The geographical distribution of Aconitum in the Sino-Himalayan subregion is

analysed in the present paper on the basis of taxonomy and relationship between the infrage-

neric taxa. Asaresult, some conclusions may be arrived as follows:

1. The Sino-Himalayan subregion is the frequency centre and the diversity centre of the

genus. For analysis, the distribution area of the genus are assigned to three floristic regions,

viz. 1) the East-Asian floristic region, consisting of the Sino-Himalayan subregion and Sino-

Japanese subregion, 2) the Euro-Siberian region and 3) the North-American region (Table 1).

In the East-Asian floristic region, the Sino-Himalayan subregion comprises 3 subgenera, about

5 sections, about 13 series and nearly 180 species. However, the Sino-Japanese subregion has

only 2 subgenera, 2 sections. 6 series and about 50 species. The Euro-Siberian region has 2

subgenera, 2 sections, about 9 series and nearly 70 species. The North-American region has

2 subgenera (one of the 2 subgenera has only 1 species), 1 section, 1-2 series and about 26

species. Obviously, the Sino-Himalayan subregion is the richest in taxa.

2. The Sino-Himalayan subregion is not only the preservation centre of the primitive

groups and species, but also an actively differentiating region. Largely in the Sino-Himalayan

subregion occurs primitive or more primitive tava in the genus, such as Sect. Fletcherum, Sect.

Alatosperum and Sect. Sinaconitum, Ser. Tangutica and Ser. Brunnea etc.: A fletcherianum,

A. novoluridum, A. chrysotricum, A. brevicalcaratum, A. polycarpus, A. nagarum, A. tanguti-

cum, A. hookeri, A. naviculare, A. violaceum, etc. On the other hand, the Sino-Himalayan

subregion also has the most or relatively advanced taxa, represented by the annual monotypic

subgenus Gymnaconitum, A. spiripetalum, A. hamatipetalum and A. bulbitiferum ect. About

50 infraspecific taxa occur in the subregion. For example, A. hemsleyanum has 8 varities, A.

franchetii has varities and A. nagarum 1 varity and 2 forms, ect.

3. In the region under discussion the genus Aconitum shows remarkable endemism.

The endemic taxa include 3 sections (Sect. Fletcherum, Sect. Alatosperum and Sect. Sina-

conitum), 3 series (Ser. Brevicalcarata, Ser. Crassiflora and Ser. Bullatifolia) and nearly 150

species, among which primitive and advanced ones are both present.

4. The pattern of geographical distribution of the genus Aconitum shows remarkable

relationship between latitude and altitude. The majority of species of this genus prefer habi-

tats with a cool and more or less constantly moist climate. In the Sino-Japanese subregion, with

a higher latitude, the genus has an altitude range of 500-1500 m, whereas in the Sino-Hima-

layan subregion the range is 2900-5000 m.

To sum up, the Sino-Himalayan subregion is the diversity centre, the frequency centre, the

differentiation centre, the preservation centre of the primitive taxa and the centre of endemism

of the genus Aconitum, and its development in this subregion has probably been accelerated

by the lift of the Himalayas and the complicated environmental conditions.

Key words: Sino-Himalayan flora, Aconitum, Geographical distribution, Endemic plant

李良千. 论中国-喜马拉雅植物亚区乌头属植物地理分布特点[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Li Liang-Qian. On Distributional Features of the Genus Aconitum in Sino-Himalayan Flora[J]. .

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