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杜仲花粉形态的研究

张玉龙, 王伏雄, 钱南芬   

  1. (中国科学院植物研究所,北京)
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1988-10-18 发布日期:1988-10-18
  • 通讯作者: 张玉龙

A Study on Pollen Morphology of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver

Zhang Yu-Long, Wang Fu-Hsiung, Chien Nan-Feng   

  1. (Institute of Botany, Academia Sinlca, Beijing)
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1988-10-18 Published:1988-10-18
  • Contact: Zhang Yu-Long

摘要:

杜仲科特产我国,有一属一种,即杜仲Eucommia ulmoides Oliver。  它的花粉形态除
  Erdtman(1952)通过光学显微镜研究过外,迄今未见报道。本文报道了通过光学显微镜、扫
  描电镜和透射电镜对它进行外壁系统研究的结果。杜仲花粉为三拟孔沟类型,但有时孔界线
  微弱,孔的轮廓为椭圆形。外壁表面具纹饰,光学显微镜下光滑,扫描电镜下为颗粒状,透射
  电镜下为小棒状, 其外壁,覆盖层为细颗粒组成,柱状层为小棒,基层很厚。有些分类学家,如
  Solereder(1899),Cronquist(1968)根据花和木材的结构,认为它与金缕梅目有联系, 而另一
  些分类学家,如Oliver(1891),Takhtajan(1969)根据叶脉、花序、果实、种子等,认为它与荨麻目
有联系。通过花粉形态的研究,我们认为它可能与金缕梅目有联系。

关键词: 杜仲, 花粉形态, 外壁超微结构

Abstract:

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is endemic to China.  The pollen morphology and exine
ultrastructure were examined under LM, SEM and TEM.  Pollen grains are prolate, polar
 axis 30.5-54.8 μm long, with the average 32.7 μm, equatorial axis 27.8-31.3 μm long, with
 the average 29.2 μm, tricolporoidate, but sometimes the outline of ora could be observed and
elliptic in shape.  Colpi are narrow, uequal in length, often two long and one short or two
short and one long, sometimes rather irregularly arranged, with indistinct and thin  colpus
membrance.  Exine psilate under LM, granulate under  SEM,  and  shortly  baculate   under
TEM.  Tectum is thin with dense and small granules, columellae layer consists of short ba-
cules, and foot layer very thick.
     Some taxonomists (Cronquist, 1968) consider that Eucommiaceae is related to Hamameli-
dales, but others (Takhtajan, 1969) to Urticales.  The Urticales is of the porate type of pollen
grains, while Eucommiaceae of tricolporoidate type, and thus the former is more advanced
than the latter.   Pollen grains of some members of Hamamelidales, tricolporoidate, are simi-
lar to those of Eucommiaceae.  We therefore consider that Eucommiaceae is related to Hama-
melidales.

Key words: Eucommia ulmoides, Pollen morphology, Exine ultrastructure