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中国苹果属植物染色体观察

梁国鲁   

  1.  (西南农业大学果树研究室,重庆)
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1987-12-18 发布日期:1987-12-18
  • 通讯作者: 梁国鲁

Observations of Chromosomes of Malus Species in China

Liang Guo-Lu   

  1.  (Pomological Laboratory,  Southwest  Agricultural  University, Chongqing, Sichuan)
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1987-12-18 Published:1987-12-18
  • Contact: Liang Guo-Lu

摘要:

本文采用去壁低渗法,对原产我国的22种37个类型的苹果属植物的染色体数目进行
    了观察,发现它们有2n=34、51、68三种类型,多倍体种占41%,其中以三倍体种类居多,沧
江海棠、西蜀海棠、尖嘴林檎、昭觉红花的染色体数以及花红中的四倍体类型均为首次报道。

关键词: 苹果属, 染色体数目, 多倍体

Abstract:

Somatic chromosome numbers of 37 forms (representing 22 species) of apples
in China were counted using wall-degradation and hypotonic method.  Among the species in-
vestigated 3 categories of chromosome numbers, i.e. 2n=34, 51 and 68 are confirmed.   The
chromosome numbers of the following species are here first reported: Malus ombrophila 2n=
34, M. prattii 2n=34, M. melliana 2n=34, Zhaojiaohonghua (M. sp.) 2n=34, and M. asiatica
var. 2n=68. Polyploids (including infraspecific polyploids) account for 41% of the total num-
ber of the species investigated. 51 is a predominant number.  It is suggested that ploidy varia-
tion is an important pathway in apple evolution in China, and triploid may be considered as
a suitable evolution grade.  There are rich apple germplasm resources in China.  The systema-
tic studies of this genus are obviously essential.

Key words: Malus, Chromosome number, Polyploid