西藏高原植物区系中特有属的研究

中国科学院大学学报

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西藏高原植物区系中特有属的研究

¹倪志诚, ²程树志

¹（中国科学院植物研究所，西藏高原生物研究所，拉萨）
²（中国科学院植物研究所）

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1987-12-18 发布日期:1987-12-18
通讯作者: 倪志诚

On Genera Endemic to China and Occurring in Xizang Plateau Flora

Ni Zhi-Cheng, Cheng Shu-Zhi

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1987-12-18 Published:1987-12-18
Contact: Ni Zhi-Cheng

摘要/Abstract

关键词: 特有属, 西藏高原

Abstract:

The Xizang (Tibetan) flora with numerous endemics is of importance in Chi-

nese flora. According to recent statistics there are in Xizang 27 genera of spermatophytes

endemic to China, being only 2.25% percent of the total number of genera in the Xizang flora.

Four of them are regarded as palaeoendemics (14.81%) and the others as neoendemics (85.19%).

These endemic genera, of 30 species and 3 varieties, belong to 17 families, of which, Umbelli-

ferae contains 6 genera, 7 species and 3 varieties; Compositae has 6 genera and 7 species, and

Gentianaceae 1 genus and 2 species. All the other families each comprises one genus with a

single species.

The cosmopolitan families together comprising 14 genera with 15 species have the highest

perecentage (52.92%) and the tropical ones (5 families, 5 genera with 5 species) come to the next

(29.42%), followed by the temperate ones (3 families, 10 genera with 10 species) (17.66%). It

shows that these endemic genera are obviously related to the tropical flora and temperate one

in essence.

According to the number of species, the genera endemic to China and occurring in Xi-

zang flora may be grouped as fallows.

Monotypic endemic ones 14 (51.85%)

Ditypic endemic ones 6 (22.22%)

Oligotypic endemic ones 4 (14.81%)

Small endemic ones 3 (11.11%)

The formation of the endemic genera is correlated with the topography, climate and en-

vironmental conditions, and they may have resulted from the diversification in geography and

climatic influence for a long time. The southeastern part of Xizang Plateau is of very diverse

ecological conditions, with the adequate precipitation, which may explain the concentration of

these endemic genera in this region.

The largest similarity coefficient (38.30%) of the genera endemic to China and occurring

in Xizang is with those in Qinghai Plateau, next, with those in Yunnan and in Sichuan pro-

vinces (both 27.60%), which shows that these endemic genera are related to the floras of the

regions mentioned above.

The difference in the horizontal distribution of these endemic genera is obviously between

the southern and northern parts of Xizang Plateau. The vertical distribution of the genera is

also rather obvious, from 800 m to 5200 m above sea level, but concentrated in the zone of 3000

m to 4500 mm. Therefore their occurrence in Xizang is not only affected by the historical

environmental conditions but also controlled by the horizontal and vertical distribution.

The origin and evolution of some endemic genera, such as Psammosilene, Parateropyrum,

Sphaerotylos, Salweenia, Ajaniopsis, Xizangia, Sinoleontopodium, are discussed in this paper.

Parateropyrum, a monotypic palaeotropic endemic, belongs to the tribe Atraphaxideae in-

cluding Atraphaxis, Calligonum and Pteropyrum. It may be a comparatively advanced group

in the tribe, and is closely related to the genus Pteropyrum which is distributed in western

Asia. The genus Parapteropyrum has possibly survived as a palaetropic-tertiary relic in this

region.

Sphaerotylos, a member of the subtribe Sphaerotylinae, the tribe Boehmerieae in the family

Urticaceae, is a comparatively primitive genus in the tribe Boehmerieae so far known. As the

other subtribes, such as Boehmerinae, Sarconchlamydinae, Orecnidinae and Maoutinae, are dis-

tributed in the tropics, rarely in the subtropics, the genus is no doubt a palaetropic -tertiary

relic.

Sinoleontopodium, belonging to the tribe lnuleae in Compositae, is also related to the ge-

nus Leontopodium. It is probable that the genus Sinoleontopodium arised later than the other.

We come to the conclusion that the southern part of Xizang Plateau is also one of the

centres of the origin and differentiation of genera endemic to China.

Key words: endemic genera, Xizang Plateau

倪志诚, 程树志. 西藏高原植物区系中特有属的研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Ni Zhi-Cheng, Cheng Shu-Zhi. On Genera Endemic to China and Occurring in Xizang Plateau Flora[J]. .

[1]	溥发鼎,王萍莉,郑中华,王幼平. 重订羌活属的分类[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2000, 38(5): 430-436.
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[4]	吴鹏程, 李登科, 高彩华. 武夷山苔藓植物区系及其与邻近地区的关系[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1987, 25(5): 340-349.
[5]	王荷生. 中国种子植物特有属的数量分析[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1985, 23(4): 241-258.
[6]	应俊生, 张志松. 中国植物区系中的特有现象——特有属的研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1984, 22(4): 259-268.

西藏高原植物区系中特有属的研究

On Genera Endemic to China and Occurring in Xizang Plateau Flora

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