东亚植物区系的一些分布式样和迁移路线

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文根据毛茛科等科的一些植物的地理分布划分出由西到东方向的7种分布式样和由西南到东

北方向的8种分布式样，并列出了属于每种式样的植物。根据这些分布式样和对一些植物的地理分布

和亲缘关系的分析，看出了自我国西南部分别向东、向西和向东北诸方向伸展出的三条迁移路线：(1)由

西南部向东，在北部沿秦岭和大别山(秦岭-大别山走廊)，在中部沿武陵山、幕阜山等山脉，在南部沿南

岭(南岭走廊)到达华东沿海地区、台湾或进一步到达日本和邻近地区；(2)从西南部向西达喜马拉雅山

区(喜马拉雅走廊)；(3)从横断山区向东北方向经秦岭、黄土高原东部、阴山、长白山和小兴安岭，到达西

伯利亚及相邻地区；这条迁移路线可称为中国西南－东北走廊，在第四纪冰期中曾是一些植物从西伯利

亚或我国东北到我国西南部之间的往返通道。此外，还根据半蒴苣苔和吊石苣苔的地理分布，根据光萼

唇柱苣苔和芒毛苣苔的分布，根据斑叶唇柱苣苔、齿叶吊石苣苔、华丽芒毛苣苔、显苞芒毛苣苔、毛线柱

苣苔、光叶楼梯草、多序楼梯草、华南楼梯草、细齿崖爬藤和长蓖木兰的地理分布，根据山豆根属、山桂花

属、盾片蛇菰、滇黔楼梯草、微柱麻和单蓖麻的地理分布，以及根据檬果樟属的地理分布，分别区分出下

列迁移路线：(1)从云南东南和广西西部向东北分布到华东和日本的一条迁移路线；(2)由云贵高原南部

向东沿南岭走廊达台湾的一条迁移路线；(3)由云贵高原南部和中南半岛北部向西沿云南高原的南缘和

西缘达我国西藏东南部或印度东北部，最后沿喜马拉雅走廊达尼泊尔的迁移路线；(4)由云南高原南部

和中南半岛北部向南经马来半岛到苏门答腊和爪哇岛，以及向东南经婆罗洲到菲律宾的二条迁移路

线。根据对一些植物的分析，以及上述诸迁移路线的辐射状分布格局，并根据有关古植物学的研究(被

子植物可能起源于赤道地区；北半球和南半球的温带植物区系是在中白垩纪分化出来的)，以及李惠林、

ВУЛЪВ和吴征镒等学者对我国植物区系的起源、性质等方面的重要论断，作者推测云贵高原和四川一带

可能是在中白垩纪，被子植物在赤道地区起源后向北半球扩展到达上述地区形成的一个重要发展中心，

在这里发生了强烈的演化辐射，上述的诸条迁移路线就是这个辐射出现后的产物。

关键词: 分布式样, 东亚植物区系, 迁移路线, 发展中心, 被子植物

Abstract:

In the present paper seven distribution patterns in west-east direction and eight in

southwest-northeast direction found in the Eastern Asiatic Region (Taxta ЛЖЯΗ 1978) are

discerned,and the taxa belonging to each of these patterns are enumerated. Some of these

taxa are analysed geographically or/and phylogenetically. Clematis brevicaudata and C.

ganpiniana,Aconitum sinomontanum var. sinomontanum and A. sinomontanum var. angustius,

Thalictrum alpinum and T. squamiferum, Adonis brevistylus and A. sutchuenensis, Ostryopsis

davidiana and O. nobilis, Corylus heterophylla var. heterophylla and C. heterophylla var.

sutchuenensis, C. ferox var. ferox and C. ferox var. tibetica, Carpinus cordata and C. fangiana,

Cyclobalanopsis glauca and C. glaucoides, Decaisnea fargesii and D. insignis, Elatostema

obtusum and E. medogensis, Corylus sect. Corylus and sect. Acanthochlamys, Prinsepia sect.

Prinsepia and sect. Plagiospermum, Corylus and Ostryopsis, Hilliella and Yinshania (Zhang

1986, 1987), ,Actinidia and Clematoclethra (Tang and Xiang 1989), Peracarpa and Homocodon

(Hong 1983) etc. are all regarded as sister groups and might have differentiated in Southwest

China. According to the geographical distribution and the affinities, the following taxa might

be considered to have originated in Southwest China: Salix wallichiana, S. paraplesia and S.

cheilophila (Zhou, Fang et al. 1984),Aristolochia debilis (J. S. Ma 1989),Aconitum

hemsleyanum (L. Q. Li 1988), Semiaquilegia adoxoides (Hsiao et al. 1964), Dichocarpum

adiantifolium (D. Z. Fu 1988), Thalictrum baicalense, T. alpinum var. elatum, Anemone

flaccida, A. baicalensis, A. hupehensis, A. tomentosa, Clematis henryi, C. lasiandra, C.

montana, Corydalis curviflora, Chrysosplenium griffithii, C. uniflorum (Pan 1986), Parnassia

foliosa (Ku 1987), Tetrastigma obtectum (Gagnepain 1911), Actinidia kolomikta, A. polygama

(Liang 1983, 1984), Incarvillea sinensis (Grierson 1961), Paris polyphylla (H. Li et al. 1988),

etc.. The genera Dichocarpum (D. Z. Fu 1988),Loropetalum, Corylopsis (Harms 1930; Chang

1979), Stachyurus (Chen 1981; Tang et al. 1983), Helwingia (Hara and Kurosawa 1975),

Aucuba (Hara 1966；Soong 1982；X. W. Li 1987), Enkianthus and Cardiocrinum (Kanai 1966)

with the typical eastern-Asiatic distribution pattern and with either the distribution center or

the primitive group in Southwest China are also considered to have arised there. According to

the fact that the distribution centers of the genera Elatostema (Wang 1980), Hemiboea (Z. Y.

Li 1987), and Lysionotus (Wang 1983) are situated in southeastern Yunnan and western

Guangxi, Elatostema involucratum, Hemiboea henryi, and Lysionotus pauciflorus might origi-

nate there and from there migrated northeastewards to East China or Japan respectively. On

the basis of the 15 distribution patterns and the analyses just given, three migration routes

may be recognized, i. e. (1) the route extending from Southwest China eastward along the

Qinling Range and the Dabie Range in the north, which may be named as the Qinling-Dabie

Corridor, along the Nanling Range in the south, which may be named as the Nanling Corri-

dor, and along other mountain chains in Central China to East China or Taiwan province of

China, and eventually to Japan, (2) the route running from Southwest China westwards to the

Himalayas, which has been named as the Himalayan Corridor (Kitamura 1955), and (3) the

route stretching from the Hengduan Mountains northeastwards through the Qinling Range,

the eastern fringe of the Loess Plateau including the Taihang Range, the Yinshan Range, the

Changbai Mountains and the Xiao Hinggan Mountains to Siberia or/and the adjacent re-

gions. The last route may be named as the Chinese southwest-northeast Corridor, being the

passage for various floristic elements migrating from Siberia or Northeast China

southwestwards to Southwest China and vice versa during the Quaternary Ice Ages (Wang

1989). According to the geographical distribution of Hemiboea henryi and Lysionotus

pauciflorus (Gesneriaceae, Wang Fig. 2, 1983), that of Chirita anachoreta and Aeschynanthus

acuminatus (Gesneriaceae, Wang, Fig. 5, 1985), that of Chirita pumila, Lysionotus serratus,

Aeschynanthus superbus, A. bracteatus, Rhynchotechum vestitum (Gesneriaceae, Wang, Fig. 2,

1983, 1985), Elatostema laevissimum, E. balansae, E. macintyrei (Urticaceae, Wang 1980),

Tetrastigma serrulatum (vitaceae, Wang 1979), and Alcimandra cathcarthii (Magnoliaceae,

Wu and Wang, Fig. 1, 1957), that of Euchresta (Leguminosae), Bennetiodendron

(Flacourtiaceae), Rhopalocnemis phalloides (Balanophoraceae, Steenis, Fig. 4, 1935; Wu and

Wang, Fig. 6, 1957), Thalictrum javanicum (Ranunculaceae), Elatostema backeri,

Chamabainia cuspidata, and Droguetia pauciflora (Urticaceae, Wang 1989), and that of

Caryodaphnopsis (Lauraceae, Wu and Wang, Fig. 5, 1957; H. W. Li 1979), distinguished may

be additional five migration routes, i. e. (1) the route extending from southeastern Yunnan

and western Guangxi northeastwards to East China and Japan, (2) the route running from

the southern Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau eastwards along the Nanling Corridor to Taiwan

province of China, (3) the route stretching from the southern Yunnan Plateau and the north-

ern Indo-China westwards along the southern and western margins of the Yunnan Plateau to

southeastern Xizang (Tibet) or/and Assam, and along the Himalayan Corridor eventually

to Nepal, (4) the route extending from the same regions just mentioned southwards through

the Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra and Java, and (5) the route stretching from the same re-

gions also southeastwards through Borneo to the Philippines. The analyses and the radiant

pattern of the migration routes mentioned above lead me to agree with the important argu-

ments that in Southwest China “the important parts of the original flora of China evolved”,

and “the Sino-Himalayan region has the richest alpine flora of the world” (Li, 1944), that the

Chinese flora without any doubt, is not only the foundation of the other floras of eastern

Asia, but also the origin of many floristic elements of temperate regions (Wulff, 1944), and

that the flora of South and Southwest China and the Indo-Chinese Peninsula, being most

rich in archaic families and genera and being derived from the palaeotropical flora, has given

rise not only to the temperate and subtropical floras of eastern Asia, but also to those of

North America and Europe (Wu, 1965). The facts that in Yunnan Province occur about 2110

genera and 13900 species of the angiosperms (Wu et al. 1984; H. W. Li 1985) and in the

Hengduan Mountains “no less than 1500 genera and perhaps more than 10 thousand species” (Wu 1988),

and that located in Southwest China is the center of endemism of China (Ying

and Zhang 1984; H. S. Wang 1985), and the palaeobotanical evidence that the temperate flo-

ras appear to have differentiated by the Middle Cretaceous (Berry 1937; Axelrod 1952;

Takhtajan 1969), further lead me to speculate, though in the absence of fossil data, that the

Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau plus Sichuan Province might be an important center of develop-

ment of the angiosperms in the Northern Hemisphere once by the Middle Cretaceous and a

strong evolutionary radiation might have taken place there, which resulted in the formation

of the migration routes described above from this center to various regions in various direc-

tions.

Key words: Distribution pattern, Eastern Asiatic region, Migration route, Center of development, Angiosperms

王文采. 东亚植物区系的一些分布式样和迁移路线[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Wang Wen-Tsai. On Some Distribution Patterns and Some Migration Routes Found in the Eastern Asiatic Region[J]. .

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东亚植物区系的一些分布式样和迁移路线

On Some Distribution Patterns and Some Migration Routes Found in the Eastern Asiatic Region

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