安徽南部贝母属植物核型研究

中国科学院大学学报

安徽南部贝母属植物核型研究

张定成, 邵建章, 汪小全

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1992-01-18 发布日期:1992-01-18
通讯作者: 张定成

Karyotypes of the Genus Fritillaria from South Anhui

Zhang Ding-Cheng, Shao Jian-Zhang, Wang Xiao-Quan

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1992-01-18 Published:1992-01-18
Contact: Zhang Ding-Cheng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文对安徽南部贝母属的5种植物的核型进行了研究，结果如下：祁门贝母Fritillaria qimenensis

D C.Zhang et J．Z．Shao：2n=24+4Bs=3m+lsm+8st(2sc)+12t(2sc)+4Bs。铜陵黄花贝母F．monantha

Miq．var．tonglingensis S．C.Chen et S．Ｆ．Yin本文报道2个细胞型，细胞型I：2n=24+5Bs=4m+8st

(2sc)+12t(2sc)+5Bs；细胞型II：2n=24=2m+2sm+8st(2sc)+12t(2sc)。窄叶小贝母F.xiaobeimu Y．K．

Yang，J．Ｚ．Shao et M．M．Fang：2n=24=2m+2sm+10st(4sc)+lot。宁国贝母F．ningguoensis S．C.

Chen et S．F．Yin：2n=24=2m+2sm+8st(2sc)+12t。浙贝母F.thunbergii Mig．：2n=24=2m+2sm+8st

(2sc)+12t(2sc)。除浙贝母外，其余均是近年发表的新种或新变种，其染色体数目和核型均为首次报道。

关键词: 核型, 细胞分类, 贝母属, 杂合性B-染色体, 安徽

Abstract:

This paper reports chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species of the ge-

nus Fritillaria from south Anhui. The origin of the material used in this work is provided in

Table 1, micrographs of mitotic metaphase in Plate 1,2, and the parameters of chromosomes

in Table 2. Except F. thunbergii Miq., the karyotypes and chromosome numbers of all the

species in this paper were studied for the first time. The results are shown as follows:

1. Fritillaria qimenensis D. C. Zhang et J. Z. Shao

Collected from Qimen, Anhui, it has the karyotype formula 2n = 24+4Bs = 3m+lsm+8st

(2sc)+12t (2sc)+4Bs (Plate 1:1, 2). The chromosomes range in length 8.72-19.13μm, with the

ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.19. Therefore, the karyotype belongs to Stebbins’

(1971) 3B. The secondary constrictions are found on the long arms of 7th and 10th pairs. All

the five B-chromosomes are of terminal centromeres. The two chromosomes of the second

pair show heteromorphy (Fig. 1, E) with arm ratios 1.86 and 1.56 respectively.

2. Fritillaria monantha Miq. var. tonglingensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin

Collected from Tongling, Anhui, this species is shown to have three chromosome num-

bers, 2n =24+5Bs, 2n=24+2Bs and 2n=24. This paper reports 2 cytotypes: Type I:

2n = 24+5Bs = 4m+8st (2sc) +12t (2sc) +5Bs (Plate 1: 3, 4). The chromosomes range in length

from 10.40 to 22.19μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.13. It belongs to 3B of

stebbins’(1971) karyotypic symmetry. The secondary constrictions are found on the short

arms of 7th and the long arms of 9th chromosome pairs. The metacentric B-chromosomes

and the small satellites located on the short arms are major characters of this cytotype. Type

II: 2n=24=2m+2sm+8st(2sc)+12t(2sc) (Plate 1:5, 6). The chromosomes range in length

from 13.84 to 29.81μm, with the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.15. The karyotype be-

longs to Stebbins’3B. The secondary constrictions are found on the long arms of 5th and

10th pairs. No B-chromosomes are found.

3. Fritillaria xiaobeimu Y. K. Yang, J. Z. Shao et M. M. Fang

Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it has karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+10st (4sc)

+ 10t (Plate 2:7, 8). The chromosomes range in length from 13.86 to 26.27μm, with the ratio

of the longest to the shortest 1.89. The karyotype belongs to stebbins’3A. The secondary

constrictions are found on the long arms of 7th and 9th pairs.

4. Fritillaria ningguoensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin

Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it is of karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+8st (2sc)

+12t (Plate 2: 9, 10). The chromosomes range in length from 9.11 to 23.23μm, with the ratio

of the longest to the shortest 2.55. The karyotype belongs to Stebbins’3B. The secondary

constrictions are only found on the long arms of the 10 th pair.

5. Fritillaria thunbergii Miq.

Collected from Ningguo, Anhui, it is of karyotype formula 2n = 24 = 2m+2sm+8st(2sc)

+12t(2sc)(Plate 2:11, 12). The chromosomes range in length from 8.83 to 19.85μm, with the

ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.25. The karyotype belongs to stebbins’3B. There are

secondary constrictions on the long arms of 5th and 7th pairs. The karyotype of the Ningguo

material is similar to that of the Huoqiu (Anhui) material reported by Xu Jin-lin et al.

(1987), but it is obviously different from 2n=2m(sc)+2sm+4st(2sc)+16t (2sc) reported by

Zhai et al. (1985) for the material from Xingjiang, Northwest China.

Key words: Karyotype, Cytotaxonomy, Fritillaria, B-chromosome, Anhui

张定成, 邵建章, 汪小全. 安徽南部贝母属植物核型研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Zhang Ding-Cheng, Shao Jian-Zhang, Wang Xiao-Quan. Karyotypes of the Genus Fritillaria from South Anhui[J]. .

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