猕猴桃科的花粉形态及其系统位置的探讨

中国科学院大学学报

猕猴桃科的花粉形态及其系统位置的探讨

张芝玉

(中国科学院植物研究所，北京)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1987-02-18 发布日期:1987-02-18
通讯作者: 张芝玉

A Study on the Pollen Morphology of Actinidiaceae and Its Systematic Position

Zhang Zhi-Yu

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1987-02-18 Published:1987-02-18
Contact: Zhang Zhi-Yu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文作者用光学显微镜和扫描电镜(少数种类用透射电镜)对猕猴桃科Actinidia-

ceae(按照Cronquist 1981和Dahlgren 1983的概念)的猕猴桃属Actinidia(15种)、藤山柳

属Clematoclethra(5种)和水东哥属Saurauia(3种)植物的花粉形态进行了观察，并与山茶科

Theaceae(7属9种)和山柳科Clethraceae(1属1种)的花粉进行了对比分析。根据花粉的

资料，并综合分析有关的外部形态、胚胎和化学方面的特征，讨论了猕猴桃科的范围，以及这个

科的系统位置。

关键词: 猕猴桃科, 山茶科, 山茶目, 三孔沟, 三拟孔沟, 内孔, 胚胎学, 化学, 系统位置

Abstract:

1. The pollen morphology (Table 2) of 23 species and 3 genera (Actinidia, Cle-

matoclethra and Saurauia) were examined under microscope. Among them 10 species were also

observed under SEM and 3 species also under TEM. Comparative studies on the Actinidiaceae

and its relative families, Theaceae (9 species and 7 genera) and Clethraceae (1 species and 1

genus), were also made.

2. The observation (Table 3) shows that Saurauia differs from Actinidia and Clematoclethra

in a number of important features. Hutchinson's and Takhtajan's systems suggest that Saurauia-

ceae is an independent family, and the observation by the present author is in accord with this

view. Pollen morphology also shows the close relationship between Actinidia and Clematocle-

thra, and therefore they belong to the same family, Actinidiaceae.

3. The comparative analysis of morphological, palynological, embryological and chemical data

(Table 4) may shed light on systematic position of Actinidiaceae. There are several morpholo-

gical similarities between Actinidiaceae and Theaceae: flowers hypogynous, syncarpous, and mo-

stly with free petals; aestivation of sequals quincuncial; gynoecia composed of 3 to many carpels;

styles united or free; placentation mostly axile, ovules numerous; stamens basifixed or versatile;

anthers with a prominent endothecium; fruits often baccate or capsular; and pollen tricolporoi-

date. In Actinidiaceae, however, the ovule is unitegmic, endosperm-development cellular, weak

terminal haustoria developing at both ends of the embryo sac. The embryological characteris-

tics of the family under discussion are similar to those of Cletheraceae. With systematic po-

sition of the family Actinidiaceae, we tend to support Cronquist's view (1981). The embryolo-

gical similarity shows that they are closely related to each other. It is quite possible that Acti-

nidiaceae was derived from the ancestor of the Theaceae, and from the ancestor of Actinidia-

ceae the family Clethraceae was derived.

Key words: Actinidiaceae, Theaceae, Theales, 3-colporate, 3-colporoidate, Os, embryology

张芝玉. 猕猴桃科的花粉形态及其系统位置的探讨[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Zhang Zhi-Yu. A Study on the Pollen Morphology of Actinidiaceae and Its Systematic Position[J]. .

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