马铃苣苔属(苦苣苔科)的分类

中国科学院大学学报

马铃苣苔属(苦苣苔科)的分类

潘开玉

(中国科学院植物研究所，北京)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1987-08-18 发布日期:1987-08-18
通讯作者: 潘开玉

Taxonomy of the Genus Oreocharis (Gesneriaceae)

Pan Kai-Yu

(Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Beijing)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1987-08-18 Published:1987-08-18
Contact: Pan Kai-Yu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

按本文处理，马铃苣苔属Oreocharis包括27种、5变种，其中有5个新种、4个新变

种。文中分析研究了该属的外部形态和地理分布; 在扫描电镜(SEM)下，对22个种的花粉

外壁和16个种的种皮进行了观察。结果认为花冠有三个类型，花药有两个类型，花粉和种皮

的外壁纹饰也可各分为三个类型。花冠的各种类型是稳定的，它们与花粉粒和种皮的特征明

显相关。其相关性是该属次级划分的主要依据。该属分为四个组。以O．bodinieri建立的

属，Dasydesmus Craib被并入Oreocharis。

关键词: 苦苣苔科, 马铃苣苔属, 分类, 分布, 孢粉学, 种皮, 超微结构

Abstract:

The genus Oreocharis as circumscribed here consists of 27 species including 5

varieties, of which 5 species and 4 varieties are described as new in the present paper. In the

work analysed were the external morphology and geographic distribution and examined under

SEM were pollen exine of 22 species and seed coat of 16 species. As a result, three types of the

corolla, two types of the anther, three types of the pollen exine and three types of the seed

coat are distinguished here in the paper. It is discovered that the corolla in the genus is relati-

vely stable, though diverse, and highly correlated with the characters of pollen grains and

seeds. The corolla clearly bilabiate but constricted at the throat, occurring in O. auricula, O.

cordatula, O. aurantiaca, etc., for an example, is correlated with smooth, reticulate pollen exine

and partial tectum and the reticulate and smooth seed coat. For this reason the subdivision of

the genus in the paper is mainly based on the characters of the corolla, but combined with those

of the anther, pollen and seed coat. The genus is divided into four sections in the present clas-

sification. Dasydesmus Craib, based on a single species. O. bodinieri, is reduced here, and the

reasons are given. The genus is distributed mainly in the subtropics, and less frequently in the

tropics, of China south of 32.5°N and east of 98.5°E, with only two species beyond the border,

O. hirsuta in Thailand (only a single locality in Chiengmai) and O. aurea also found in north

Vietnam (see Fig. 1, Table 3).

Sect. 1. Stomactin (Clarke) Fritsch. Corolla urceolate-tubular, constricted at the throat,

with limb distinctly bilabiate; anthers broad-oblong; seed coat reticulate, smooth, rarely minu-

tely tuberculate; pollen exine fine-reticulate, tectum partial and smooth, luminae slightly unequ-

al in size.

Sect. 2. Orthanthera K. Y. Pan Corolla campanulate or campanulate-tubular; anthers bro-

ad-oblong; seed coat reticulate, muri smooth, rarely spiny-processed; pollen exine fine-reticulate,

with partial and smooth tectum and luminae slightly unequal in size, rarely exine insular and

fine-tuberculate, tectum perforate.

Setc. 3. Oreocharis Corolla thin-tubular; anthers broad-oblong; seed coat densely spiny-

processed, rarely fine-tuberculate; pollen exine insular, densely spiny-processed, rarely fine-

reticulate and smooth, luminae unequal in size.

Sect. 4. Platyanthera K. Y. Pan Corolla campanulate; anthers hippocrepiform; seed coat

densely spiny-processed; pollen exine fine-reticulate, tectum perforate, luminae small, nearly

equal in size.

In the section Stomactin, although the constriction of corolla at its throat is a specialized

character, the characters of seed coat, pollen grains and anthers are apparently primitive. The-

refore it may be said at least that more primitive characters are preserved in the section. In the

section Oreocharis, on the contrary, the characters of corolla, seed coat and pollen exine are all

advanced. And in the section Platyanthera, the seed coat, pollen (with perforate tectum) and

anthers have developed rather specialized characters.

Key words: Gesneriaceae, Oreocharis, Taxonomy, Distribution, Palynology, Seed coat, Ultramicrostructure

潘开玉. 马铃苣苔属(苦苣苔科)的分类[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

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