高寒草原矮火绒草和紫花针茅微斑块对Rb+的吸收距离

doi:10.7523/j.ucas.2020.0039

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物微斑块是草原植被基本的空间分布形式，空白裸地上的土壤养分资源在多远距离上能够被植物吸收是一个重要问题。利用稀有元素铷（Rb）示踪方法，通过分析Rb⁺的吸收量和吸收距离，探讨青藏高原高寒草原群落群落优势种紫花针茅（Stipa purpurea）和伴生种（同时也是退化草地常见种）矮火绒草（Leontopodium nanum）对土壤养分和水分资源的吸收范围。结果表明：紫花针茅斑块对Rb⁺的平均最大吸收距离（5.6cm）约等于平均斑块间距（5.7cm），而矮火绒草斑块平均最大吸收距离（34.2cm）远大于紫花针茅和平均斑块间距；2个物种对Rb⁺的吸收量都与斑块大小（生物量）呈极显著正相关（P<0.001）；无论吸收量还是吸收距离，矮火绒草均大于紫花针茅。这说明裸地土壤中的养分资源可以被植物微斑块吸收利用，而且大斑块对资源占有的能力也越强。

关键词: 植物微斑块, 吸收距离, Rb⁺示踪, 紫花针茅, 矮火绒草

Abstract: Micro-patches are basic spatial units of steppe vegetation, which cause redistribution of soil nutrients during the formation and break of the patches. To what extent the resources in inter-patch bare ground could be utilized by plants is of an important issue to be answered. In this study, we injected rare elemental tracer Rb⁺ into the soil at different distances from the vegetation patch. By measuring the amount and distance of Rb⁺ being absorbed by vegetation micro-patches, we found that:1) the average potential absorption distance of Rb⁺ by the dominant species Stipa purpurea is 5.6 cm, which almost equals the average interval of 5.7 cm among patches; 2) the average potential absorption distance by companion species Leontopodium nanum is 34.2 cm, which is much larger than that of S. purpurea and average interval among patches; 3) the total amount of Rb⁺ absorption is significantly positively correlated (P<0.001) with the biomass/size of the micro-patches in both species. These results indicate that the nutrient resources in the bare soil are accessible to adjacent plant patches and that large patches have higher utilization potential and broader foraging area than small ones.

Key words: vegetation micro-patches, absorption distance, Rb⁺ tracer, Stipa purpurea, Leontopodium nanum

中图分类号:

Q948.1

孔倩, 牛海山. 高寒草原矮火绒草和紫花针茅微斑块对Rb⁺的吸收距离[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2022, 39(2): 185-192.

KONG Qian, NIU Haishan. Potential absorption distance for Rb⁺ by Stipa purpurea and Leontopodium nanum in an alpine steppe[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2022, 39(2): 185-192.

参考文献

[1] 张卫国,黄文冰,杨振宇.草地微斑块与草地退化关系的研究[J].草业学报,2003,12(3):44-50.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1004-5759.2003.03.007.
[2] Carteni F, Marasco A, Bonanomi G, et al. Negative plant soil feedback explaining ring formation in clonal plants[J]. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2012, 313: 153-161.DOI:10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.08.008.
[3] 韩立辉,尚占环,任国华,等.青藏高原“黑土滩”退化草地植物和土壤对秃斑面积变化的响应[J].草业学报,2011,20(1):1-6.
[4] 赵成章,高福元,石福习,等.高寒退化草地甘肃臭草种群分布格局及其对土壤水分的响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(22):6688-6695.
[5] 赵玉晶,白云鹏,韩大勇,等.松嫩平原环境破碎化后羊草斑块植物组成多样性的空间变化[J].草地学报,2008,16(2):158-163.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-0435.2008.02.012.
[6] 赵成章,任珩,盛亚萍,等.不同高寒退化草地阿尔泰针茅种群的小尺度点格局[J].生态学报,2011,31(21):6388-6395.
[7] 石明明,张永超,张典业,等.高寒草甸草地微斑块植物特征及其土壤性质的研究[J].草业学报, 2015, 24(9):197-205.DOI:10.11686/cyxb2015083.
[8] Crain C, Koppel J. Scale-dependent inhibition drives regular tussock spacing in a freshwater marsh[J]. The American Naturalist, 2006, 168(5): E136-E147.DOI:10.1086/508671.
[9] 白永飞,许志信,李德新.内蒙古高原紫花针茅草原群落土壤水分和碳氮分布的小尺度空间异质性[J].生态学报,2002,22(8):1215-1223.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2002.08.007.
[10] 乌云娜,雒文涛,霍光伟,等.草原群落退化演替过程中微斑块土壤碳氮的空间异质动态[J].生态学报, 2014,34(19):5549-5557.DOI:10.5846/stxb201301090067.
[11] 牟晓明,于应文,王先之,等.青藏高原火绒草斑块群落空间格局分析[J].生态学报,2015,35(16):5306-5315.DOI:10.5846/stxb2014190770.
[12] 彭海英,李小雁,童绍玉.内蒙古典型草原小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化对水分再分配和利用的影响[J].生态学报, 2014,34(9):2256-2265.DOI:10.5846/stxb201306051359.
[13] 廖亚鑫,胡广录,樊立娟, 等.黑河中游荒漠-绿洲过渡带斑块状植被区土壤水分变异特征分析[J].兰州交通大学学报,2015,34(3):159-165,170.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4373.2015.03.030.
[14] 苏永中,常学向,何志斌,等.祁连山典型流域谷地植被斑块演变与土壤性状[J].生态学报, 2008, 28(1):212-219.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2008.01.024.
[15] 乌云娜,雒文涛,霍光伟,等.微生境尺度上放牧退化草原群落特征与土壤有机质的空间分异性[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(4):972-979.
[16] 郝红敏,路荣,贾超,等.水蚀风蚀交错带黑沙蒿灌丛斑块种群结构及动态特征研究[J].西北植物学报,2017,37(4):773-781.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2017.04.0773.
[17] 李彦娇,包维楷,周志琼,等.岷江干旱河谷不同植物斑块的土壤种子库特征[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(4):602-609.DOI:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2015.04.009.
[18] 高福元,赵成章,卓马兰草.高寒退化草地不同海拔梯度狼毒种群分布格局及空间关联性[J].生态学报,2014,34(3):605-612.DOI:10.5846/stxb201209191317.
[19] 蒋建生,任继周,蒋文兰.草地农业生态系统的自组织特性[J].草业学报,2002,11(2):1-6.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1004-5759.2002.02.001.
[20] Klausmeier C A. Regular and irregular patterns in semiarid vegetation[J]. Science, 1999, 284(5421): 1826-1828.DOI:10.1126/science.284.5421.1826.
[21] Rietkerk M, Boerlijst M C, Van Langevelde F, et al. Self-organization of vegetation in arid ecosystems[J]. The American Naturalist, 2002, 160(4): 524-530.DOI:10.1086/342078.
[22] Rietkerk M, van de Koppel J. Regular pattern formation in real ecosystems[J]. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2008, 23(3): 169-175.DOI:10.1016/j.tree.2007.10.013.
[23] 张化永,邬建国,韩兴国.植被的组织有序度及其全球格局[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(2):129-139.
[24] 赵文智,郑颖,张格非.绿洲边缘人工固沙植被自组织过程[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(1):1-7.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2017.00091.
[25] Jones H E, Harrison A F, Dighton J. A ⁸⁶Rb bioassay to determine the potassium status of trees[J]. New Phytologist, 1987, 107(4): 695-708.DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb00907.x.
[26] Kuhlmann H, Claassen N, Wehrmann J. A method for determining the K-uptake from subsoil by plants[J]. Plant and Soil, 1985, 83(3): 449-452.DOI:10.1007/BF02184456.
[27] Gockele A, Weigelt A, Gessler A, et al. Quantifying resource use complementarity in grassland species: a comparison of different nutrient tracers[J]. Pedobiologia, 2014, 57(4-6): 251-256.DOI:10.1016/j.pedobi.2014.09.001.
[28] Reickenberg R L, Pritts M P. Dynamics of nutrient uptake from foliar fertilizers in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)[J]. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 1996, 121(1): 158-163.DOI:10.21273/jashs.121.1.158.
[29] 李新娥,孟凡栋,姜丽丽,等.藏北高原自东向西样带典型植物群落中矮嵩草与紫花针茅小尺度空间格局变化[J].生态学杂志,2019,38(9):2577-2584.DOI:10.13292/j.1000-4890.201909.007.
[30] Yang K, He J, Tang W J, et al. On downward shortwave and longwave radiations over high altitude regions: observation and modeling in the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2010, 150(1): 38-46.DOI:10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.08.004.
[31] Jiang Z Y, Li X Y, Wei J Q, et al. Contrasting surface soil hydrology regulated by biological and physical soil crusts for patchy grass in the high-altitude alpine steppe ecosystem[J]. Geoderma, 2018, 326: 201-209.DOI:10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.04.009.
[32] 杜鹏飞.茶叶中铅的检测方法研究[D].四川泸州:泸州医学院,2014.
[33] Hodge A. The plastic plant: root responses to heterogeneous supplies of nutrients[J]. New Phytologist, 2004, 162(1): 9-24.DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01015.x.
[34] He N, Yu Q, Wu L, et al. Carbon and nitrogen store and storage potential as affected by land-use in a Leymus chinensis grassland of Northern China[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2008, 40(12): 2952-2959.DOI:10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.08.018.
[35] Wang S, Wilkes A, Zhang Z, et al. Management and land use change effects on soil carbon in Northern China’s grasslands: a synthesis[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2011, 142(3/4): 329-340.DOI:10.1016/j.agee.2011.06.002.
[36] Wu G L, Du G Z, Liu Z H. et al. Effect of fencing and grazing on a Kobresia-dominated meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Plant and Soil, 2009, 319(1/2): 115-126.DOI:10.1007/s11104-008-9854-3.