带荷玻色-费米系统的暗能量

doi:10.7523/j.ucas.2024.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 宇宙现阶段加速膨胀的物理机制尚未得到充分理解。在广义相对论框架内，通常引入独立于其他组分的暗能量来驱动加速膨胀，这类模型有一定的任意性。本文在粒子物理标准模型框架内，考虑由低温系统组成的暗能量模型。该模型中包含带荷相对论性玻色凝聚、简并费米气和非电磁场的U(1) 规范场，其中带荷玻色凝聚具有负压强，充当暗能量，而带相反荷的简并费米气是辅助组分，这2种组分由总荷守恒相互约束。该玻色-费米系统与宇宙中的暗物质、重子组分一起，在很宽的参数范围内均可实现宇宙现阶段加速膨胀。该模型中，尘埃物质的能量密度随着膨胀而降低，而玻色和费米系统的能量密度保持几乎不变。宇宙大约在红移z～0.7处进入加速膨胀阶段，该演化行为接近于ΛCDM模型。在合理的参数空间内，本模型能够较好地解释超新星、重子振荡的观测数据。

关键词: 宇宙学, 暗能量, 加速膨胀, 带荷玻色-费米模型

Abstract: The physical origin of the observed acceleration of the universe has not been well understood. Within the framework of general relativity, dark energy is commonly introduced as being independent of other cosmic components, but such models have certain arbitrariness. In this paper, we consider a low-temperature system for dark energy based on the standard model of particle physics. This system consists of a charged boson condensate, a degenerate fermion gas, and a non-electromagnetic U(1) gauge field that couples both components and is constrained by charge conservation. The charged boson condensate has negative pressure and acts as dark energy, while the degenerate Fermi gas with opposite charge is a secondary component. With this boson-fermion system, we find that the accelerating cosmic expansion occurs for a broad range of model parameters. The dust component decreases with the expansion, the energy density of the boson-fermion component remains nearly constant, and the acceleration occurs at a redshift z ~0.7. Within the reasonable parameter space, this model provides a good explanation for the observational data of type Ia supernova and baryon acoustic oscillations.

Key words: cosmology, dark energy, accelerating expansion, charged boson-fermion system

中图分类号:

P159.3

肖伟楠, 叶翾, 张杨, A. Marcianò. 带荷玻色-费米系统的暗能量[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2025, 42(6): 729-737.

XIAO Weinan, YE Xuan, ZHANG Yang, A. Marcianò. Charged boson-fermion system as cosmic dark energy[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2025, 42(6): 729-737.

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