植物精油对兴安独活白粉病的防治作用分析

doi:10.7523/j.ucas.2025.059

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 兴安独活（Heracleum dissectum Ledeb.）作为药食两用植物具有广阔的市场开发前景,但在其人工栽培过程中常受白粉病菌侵染,制约其产业发展。本文研究在田间使用杜香精油和墨红玫瑰精油对兴安独活白粉病进行预防和治疗处理,通过检测叶片相关生理生化指标,结合扫描电镜观察独活白粉菌（Erysiphe heraclei）孢子和菌丝形态变化,探讨其对兴安独活白粉病抗性的影响;为提升防治效果,构建植物精油–化学药剂复配体系,通过组合配比优化实现药剂减量与防控增效的双重目标。结果显示,杜香精油与墨红玫瑰精油对兴安独活白粉病预防和治疗处理均具有显著效果,两种精油均能增强兴安独活叶片抗病性;在扫描电镜下观察到,精油处理后的兴安独活叶片表面白粉菌孢子萌发被抑制,菌丝褶皱弯曲;将两种精油分别与乙嘧酚混合,即乙嘧酚稀释10倍+0.5 μL/mL杜香精油与乙嘧酚稀释10倍+0.5 μL/mL墨红玫瑰精油两种组合,对白粉病的治疗效果均高于单独施加乙嘧酚的功效。研究结果为实现药剂减量与增效作用,以及扩大植物精油抑菌谱和绿色防治白粉病提供了一定的参考。

关键词: 植物精油, 兴安独活, 兴安独活白粉病, 防治效果, 药剂减量与增效

Abstract: Heracleum dissectum Ledeb., as one of the plants with dual food and medicinal applications, has broad market development prospects, but its industrial development is often restricted by the infection of powdery mildew in the process of its artificial cultivation. In this study, the prevention and treatment of Erysiphe heraclei was analyzed by using the two essential oils in field experiments. The effects on the resistance to E. heraclei was measured through the physiological and biochemical indexes of leaves, observed the morphological changes of spores and hyphae of E. heraclei by scanning electron microscope (SEM). To enhance the prevention and control effectiveness, a combined system of plant essential oils and chemical agents has been established. By optimizing the combination and ratio, the dual goals of reducing the dosage of the medicine and enhancing the efficacy of prevention and control can be achieved. The results showed that the essential oils of Ledum palustre L. (Lpeo) and Rosa chinensis Jacq ‘Crimson Glory’ H.T. (CGReo) had significant effects on the prevention and treatment of powdery mildew of H. dissectum, and both of them could enhance the leaf resistance of H. dissectum. The germination of powdery mildew spores on the leaf surface treated with essential oil was inhibited and the hyphae were folded and bent under SEM; The relative therapeutic effect of one-tenth concentration of ethirimol+0.5 μL/mL essential oil of Lpeo or CGReo on powdery mildew is better than the effect of single application of ethirimol. This study provides certain theoretical references for achieving the effect of reducing quantity while increasing efficiency, expanding the antifungal spectrum of plant essential oils and green control of powdery mildew.

Key words: plant essential oil, Heracleum dissectum, Erysiphe heraclei, control effect, dosage reduction and efficacy enhancement

中图分类号:

S436.44

韩锦泽, 张淼, 龚束芳, 王金刚, 于景华, 柴团耀, 周爱民, 乔坤. 植物精油对兴安独活白粉病的防治作用分析[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2025.059.

HAN Jinze, ZHANG Miao, GONG Shufang, WANG Jin’gang, YU Jinghua, CHAI Tuanyao, ZHOU Aimin, QIAO Kun. Control effects of plant essential oils on powdery mildew of Heracleum dissectum Ledeb.[J]. Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2025.059.

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