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稳定同位素视角下两汉时期北京地区先民饮食结构初探——以路县故城遗址为例*

金丹1,2, 刘风亮3, 尉苗3, 尚雪2†   

  1. 1 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京 100044;
    2 中国科学院大学考古学与人类学系, 北京 100049;
    3 北京市考古研究院/北京市文化遗产研究院,北京 100009
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-28 修回日期:2026-03-06 发布日期:2026-03-06
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:shangxue@ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    *国家自然科学基金面上项目(42277441)和国家社科基金项目(21BKG040)资助

Dietary structure in the Beijing area during the Han Dynasty from the stable isotopic perspective: a case study of the Luxian County

JIN Dan1,2, LIU Fengliang3, WEI Miao3, SHANG Xue2   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China;
    2 Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3 Beijing Institute of Archaeology / Beijing Institute of Cultural Heritage, Beijing 100009, China
  • Received:2025-12-28 Revised:2026-03-06 Published:2026-03-06

摘要: 两汉是我国北方小麦从外来作物向主粮核心转型的关键阶段,但北京地区先民对小麦的实际利用程度缺乏直接饮食证据。本文选取路县故城遗址54例两汉时期人骨样品开展碳氮稳定同位素分析,以探讨先民饮食结构演变。结果显示,西汉时期,先民饮食以C4类食物为主(δ¹³C均值-11.5‰),东汉则转为C3/C4混合型饮食(δ¹³C均值-14.4‰),结合本遗址植物考古研究,推测C3类食物占比提升有较大可能是小麦摄入的增加;两汉时期人骨δ¹⁵N均值无显著差异(8.6‰~9.0‰),表明蛋白摄入结构稳定。对比北方其他遗址发现,两汉时期我国北方普遍存在C3类食物摄入增加的趋势,但氮同位素变化存在区域差异。本研究证实了北京地区两汉先民C3类食物的依赖性持续增强,为揭示北方小麦规模化推广的时空进程提供了关键人骨同位素证据。

关键词: 稳定同位素, 汉代, 路县故城遗址, 小麦

Abstract: The Han Dynasty marked a pivotal phase in the transformation of wheat from an exotic crop to a core staple grain in northern China. However, there is a lack of direct dietary evidence regarding the actual utilization of wheat by the early inhabitants of the Beijing area. This study analyzed the carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of 54 human bone samples from the Luxian County, dating to the Han Dynasties, to explore the evolution of local dietary structure. The results showed that during the Western Han Dynasty, the diet of the local people was mainly based on C4 foods (with an average δ¹³C value of -11.5‰), while in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it shifted to a mixed C3/C4 diet (with an average δ¹³C value of -14.4‰), based on archaeobotanical research conducted at this site, the significant increase in the proportion of C3 foods is likely attributable to wheat consumption. There was no significant difference in the average δ¹⁵N values of human bones from the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties (8.6‰ to 9.0‰), indicating a stable protein intake structure. Compared with other northern sites, an increasing trend in the consumption of C3 foods was observed throughout northern China during the Han Dynasties, but there were regional differences in nitrogen isotope changes. This study directly confirmed the increasing dependence of the early inhabitants of the Beijing area on C3 foods during the Han Dynasties, providing key isotopic evidence from human bones for revealing the spatiotemporal process of the large-scale promotion of wheat in northern China.

Key words: stable isotopes, Han Dynasty, Luxian County, wheat

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