中国川苔草雄蕊畸形的变异与本属分类位置的关系

中国科学院大学学报

中国川苔草雄蕊畸形的变异与本属分类位置的关系

赵修谦

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1951-11-18 发布日期:1951-11-18
通讯作者: 赵修谦

Teratological Variations of Stamen in Lawiella chinensis Chao (Podostemonaceae) in Relation to the Taxonomic Position of the Genus

Chao Hsiu-Chien

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1951-11-18 Published:1951-11-18
Contact: Chao Hsiu-Chien

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

1. A number of teratological variations of stamens were found in Lawiella chinensis

Chao. According to Masters’ Vegetable Teratology, these variations may be classified

into the following groups: 1. Polyphylly of androecium; 2. Atrophy of stamen, which

is divided into: a. Abortion of stamen, b. Degeneration of stamen; 3. Fission of

anther-sacs; 4. Pistilody of stamen, which may again be divided into: a. Connective

conlerted into stigma, b. Antber-sac converted into stigma, c. Anther-sac converted

into pistilodes and pistil, d. Filament converted into pistilodes, e. Stamen converted

into pistilodes, f. Stamen converted into pistil, g. Stamen converted into pistil and

pistilodes; and 5. Pollen replaced by ovules.

2. These variations are not due to the effect of environmental changes on

account of the facts that various malformation of stamens can be found at the

same time from a single plant and the similar changes can also be seen from the

different individuals during the flowering season of this plant.

3. Tapels are found in many genera of the family Podostemonaceae. Many authors

thought that they were the perianths while others regarded them as the staminodes.

But the writer believes that in Lawiella chinensis Chao, a stamen may be reduced

to a tapel and the tapel may also become a complete stamen. He thus suggests that

tapels should be regarded as degenerated stamens.

4. From the argumentation of stamens, tapels and pistilodes, the writer thinks that

there are approximately 6 stamens in each flower of the genus Lawiella Koidz. The

number of stamens was greatly reduced through a long period of evolutionary changes,

until only one or two remain in the present flower. The greater the number of

stamens, the more primitive it is and vice versa.

5. According to the original description of the genus Lawiella Koidz., published in

1931-1935, it was considered as mono-staminous. The di-staminous condition is

however, not uncommon in Lowiella chinensis Chao and in Lowiella Doiana Koidz.

The writer, therefore, proposes that the number of stamens of this genus should

be two to one.

6. The form of brachyclades and rhizomes of Lawiella Koidz. is very similar to that 0f

the di-staminous genus Mniopsis Mürt. et Zucc. and that of the mono-staminous genus

Cladopus Müller. Moreover, the humber of stamens of Lawiella Koidz. is 2-1, so

that the taxonomic position of this genus should be placed between the two genera.

7. Up to the present, 5 species of the genus Lawiella Koidz. have been reported, of which

3 are known to occur in Kyusiu, Japan and the rest in Fukien, China. So far nothing

is known of the taxonomic position of this genus. An attempt is made in the

present paper to separate various species of Lawiella Koidz. on the basis of the

number of stamens:

1. L. chinensis Chao: stamen 2-1, which are well developed or sometimes slightly

reduced.

2. L. Doiana Koidz.: stamen 2-1, if two in number, the anthers of one or both

stamens are not well developed.

3. L. kiusiana Koidz.: stamen 1, all or one of the tapels usually changed into

staminoid.

4. L. austrosatsumensis Koidz.: stamen 1, and is very similar to L. kiusiana Koidz.

in its stigma and other vegetative characters.

5. L. fukienensis Chao: stamen 1 and without any change.

赵修谦. 中国川苔草雄蕊畸形的变异与本属分类位置的关系[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Chao Hsiu-Chien. Teratological Variations of Stamen in Lawiella chinensis Chao (Podostemonaceae) in Relation to the Taxonomic Position of the Genus[J]. .