蓝钟花属的系统学研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文对蓝钟花属Cyananthus及整个狭义的桔梗科Campanulaceae(s．str.)的花粉、

染色体和形态性状作了深入的系统研究，表明蓝钟花属是该科的最原始类群，它的亲缘属有党

参属Codonopsis和细钟花属Leptocodon。对蓝钟花属中各个种及它的亲缘属的地理分布分

析，揭示了该属是典型的中国-喜马拉雅区系的成分，横断山地区是该属的频度和多样性中心；

认为中国西南部及其邻近地区至少是桔梗科原始属的保留中心，甚至可能是该科的起源中心。

作者最后对蓝钟花属各个种的性状作了生物统计分析，在此基础上对全属进行了全面的分类

修订，把原有的26个种9个变种归并为19种(包括2亚种)；对该属的次级分类也作了修订。

首次报道了该属的染色体数目和细钟花属的花粉形态。

关键词: 桔梗科, 蓝钟花属, 分类, 系统学, 生物统计学, 孢粉形态学, 染色体, 地理分布

Abstract:

The genus Cyananthus is distributed in the Himalayan Floristic Subregion. In

the early years, it was treated as a member of Polemoniaceae, but it is now generally regarded

as a natural group of Campanulaceae. Made in this paper were a comprehensive comparative

morphological study, a biometrical analysis of quantitative characters and an analysis of distri-

bution pattern. The systematic position of the genus is discussed based on the evidence from pol-

len morphology, chromosome number and external morphology. Finally the classification of

the genus is revised.

As a result of the character analysis, the evolutionary trends of the characters in Cam-

panulaceae are suggested: superior ovary is a primitive state; the pollen grains have evolved

from long-multicolpal to short-colpal, then to multiporate; the basic chromosome numbers

have changed from 7 to 8 or 9, from which the groups with x=17 are derived (see Fig. 2),

Fig. 2 illustrates that Cyananthus is the most primitive genus in the Gampanulaceae, closely

related to Codonopsis, Platycodon, Leptocodon and Campanumoea. All these genera are rela-

tively primitive in the family.

The genus Cyananthus is distributed in S. E. Gansu (Zhugqu), W. Sichuan, S. and E.

Xizang, S. Qinghai and N. W. Yunnan, extending westwards to Kashmir along the Himalay-

as. Therefore, the genus is strictly limited to the Hengduan Mountains and the Himalayas.

That is to say, it occupies the whole Sino-Himalayan Floristic Subregion (Fig. 3). This is of

great importance for determining the limits of the floristic subregion, and for drawing a more

acurate line between the Sino-Japanese Subregion and the Sine-Himalayan Floristic Subregion.

The analysis of distribution patterns of species shows that the Hengduan Mountains is the di-

stribution centre of the two major groups of Cyananthus, Sect. Stenolobi Franch. and Sect.

Annui (Lian) Hong et L. M. Ma. In these two groups, only four out of 12 species, i. e. C. in-

canus Hook. f. et Thoms., C. macrocalyx Franch., C. hookeri C. B. Cl. and C. inflatus Ho-

ok. f. et Thoms., extend their areas westwards to Sikkim and Nepal. The other section, Sect.

Cyananthus also exists in the west of the Hengduan Mountains. Although in the Himalayas oc-

cur three major groups of the genus, only the last-mentioned group-Sect. Cyananthus

is mainly distributed in the area (Fig. 4). According to the fact, we tend to infer that the Heng-

duan Mountains is both the frequency and diversity centers of the genus Cyananthus. The genera

of Campanulaceae, which are relatively primitive and the closest relatives of Cyananthus, all oc-

cur in SW China and the adjacent regions. Therefore, the region may well be the preserved cen-

ter of the primitive genera, or even may be the original center of the Campanulaceae.

All data accumulated demonstrate that the genus is very old but still under intensive differ-

entiation. With few diagnostic qualitative characters, the characters used in classifications are

mostly quantitative ones. The following characters were usually used for classification of the

genus: habit, plant size, leaf shape, leaf size, hairs on the leaf, corolla colour, petiole length, co-

rolla length and hairs on the calyx, etc. Among them, only habit, corolla colour and hairs be-

long to qualitative characters, and all of the others are quantitative ones. Because variation rang-

es of quantitative characters have never been thoroughly studied in the previous classifications,

some named taxa are artificial. An extensive statistical analysis of quantitative characters were

carried out in the work to reveal their variation ranges. Based on this, 5 specific names are re-

duced as synonyms: C. microrhombeus C. Y. Wu is reduced to C. delavayi Franch.; C. argenteus

Marq. to C. longiflorus Franch.; C. pseudo-inflatus Tsoong to C. inflatus Hook. f. et Thoms.;

and both C. neurocalyx C. Y. Wu and C. leiocalyx (Franch.) Cowan to C. macrocalyx Fr-

anch., while C. montanus C. Y. Wu and C. Petiolatus Franch. are treated as subspecies in C. fl-

avus Marq. and C. incanus Hook. f. et Thoms. respectively. As a result of the revision, 19 spe-

cies and 2 subspecies are recognized in the present paper, with 7 species names and 15 variety

names reduced.

The genus is divided into three sections according to habit, corolla lobes and hairy types

on calyx: Sect. Cyananthus, Sect. Stenolobi Franch. and Sect. Annui (Lian) Hong et L. M.

Ma.

In the present paper the chromosome number of the genus Cyananthus is reported for the

first time, C. inflatus Hook. f. et Thoms. from Yadong, S. Tibet, being found to have 2n=14.

And pollen morphology of the genus Leptocodon was first examined under SEM and is shown

in Plate 1.

Key words: Campanulaceae, Cyananthus, classification, systematics, biometrics, palynology, chromosome, geographical distribution.

洪德元, 马黎明. 蓝钟花属的系统学研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Hong De-Yuan, Ma Li-Ming. Systematics of the Genus Cyananthus Wall. ex Royle[J]. .

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蓝钟花属的系统学研究

Systematics of the Genus Cyananthus Wall. ex Royle

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