从胚胎发育看穗花杉属的系统位置

中国科学院大学学报

从胚胎发育看穗花杉属的系统位置

陈祖铿, 王伏雄

(中国科学院植物研究所，北京)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1984-08-18 发布日期:1984-08-18
通讯作者: 陈祖铿

On the Systematic Position of Amentotaxus from Its Embryological Investigation

Chen Zu-Keng, Wang Fu-Hsiung

(Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Beijing)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1984-08-18 Published:1984-08-18
Contact: Chen Zu-Keng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

穗花杉 Amentotaxus argotaenia 胚胎发育的主要特点是：原胚在16核时形成细胞壁，幼胚发育缓慢，并要经过一个冬季低温阶段，一直到第二年种子脱落时，它们还处于简单多胚的选择时期, 后期胚的发育是在种子脱离母树后进行的。根据胚胎发育特点，穗花杉属在红豆杉科中的系统位置(由原始到进化的顺序)是：穗花杉属，澳洲红豆杉属，红豆杉属，白豆杉属，榧树属。

关键词: 穗花杉, 胚胎发育, 系统发育

Abstract:

The present paper deals with the embryological study and the systematic

position of Amentotaxus argotaenia (Hance) Pilger. The material used was collected

during 1980-1981 from Jin-fo Shan, 1400-1600 m, Sichuan Province, China. The

species is dioecious. The male cone sheds its pollen during the period from the end of

May to the middle of June. The pollen at mature stage is 2-celled. Pollen chamber

appears obvious at the end of the nucellus. When pollen grains are dispersed, megas-

pore mother cell, which is situated deep in the nucellus, is in meiosis. The megaspore

divides mitotically after pollination and the free nuclei of female gametophyte divide

for the last time at the end of June. The wall formation takes place at the stage of 256

free nuclei. The development of archegonia takes place at the beginning of July and

the fertilization occurs about July 20-23. The fertilized egg divides successively

four times and results in a 16-nucleate proembryo. The young embryo is developing in

August. It is interesting to note that the development of the young embryo is very

slow. When the seed reaches the mature stage from June to July in the following

year, the multicellular masses of the young embryos resulted from simple polyembryony

remain immature within the female gametophyte. No cleavage polyembryony has been

found. The subsequent embryogeny takes place after the seed has shed.

Keng (1975) considers that Amentotaxus links the Taxaceae with Cephalotaxaceae.

Our embryological data support Keng’s conclusion since they share (1) compound

microstrobilus, (2) 2-celled pollen grains at shedding stage and (3) the rather long

life cycle. Keng (1975) also mentions that Podocarpaceae may connect with Taxaceae

through Phyllocladus. According to Keng the Podocarpaceae is related to Taxaceae to

certain degree. It is obvious that the primitive spike-like male strobilus like the one

in Cordaitales is obviously retained in Podocarpus spicatus and P. andinus of Podocar-

paceae and Amentotaxus of Taxaceae. In addition, like in Amentotaxus there are 16

nuclei before wall formation in the proembryo of Podocarpus nivalis. These facts may

well indicate that at least the Podocarpaceae and the Taxaceae were derived from a

common stock. As far as the Taxaceae is concerned the authors tend to support the

view of Koidzumi (1932) that Amentotaxus and Austrotaxus should be put in the same

tribe since both possess the spike-like strobilus, the long life cycle and the seed matura-

tion in the following year. They are probably rather primitive genera in the Taxaceae.

The proembryogeny of Torreya is more or less specialized. It may be placed in a ra-

ther advanced tribe and the tribe Taxeae (including Taxus and Pseudotaxus)may be

between the above two tribes. In conclusion, the Taxaceae is related to the Coniferales

in certain respects and, as Keng (1975), Harri (1976) and Wang et al. (1979) have

pointed out recently, placing of the Taxaceae in Coniferales is rather justifiable.

Key words: Amentotaxus, Embryogeny, phylogeny.

陈祖铿, 王伏雄. 从胚胎发育看穗花杉属的系统位置[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Chen Zu-Keng, Wang Fu-Hsiung. On the Systematic Position of Amentotaxus from Its Embryological Investigation[J]. .

[1]	包颖, 葛颂. 利用多基因序列探讨稻属药稻复合体二倍体物种的系统发育关系[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2003, 41(6): 497-508.
[2]	王玛丽, 陈之端, 张宪春, 陆树刚, 赵桂仿. 蹄盖蕨科的系统发育: 叶绿体DNA trnL-F区序列证据[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2003, 41(5): 416-426.
[3]	周其兴,顾志建,岳中枢. 穗花杉属的核形态及其系统位置的探讨[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2000, 38(6): 522-527.
[4]	张文驹,瞿礼嘉,高巍,顾红雅,陈章良,陈家宽. 用ITS序列确定小麦B基因组的可能供体间的关系[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1999, 37(5): 417-424.
[5]	王建波,张文驹,陈家宽. 核rDNA的ITS序列在被子植物系统与进化研究中的应用[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1999, 37(4): 407-416.
[6]	孙坤, 陈家宽,陈之端. 被子植物系统学中花发育研究的进展及对今后研究的思考[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1998, 36(6): 558-568.
[7]	汪小全,邓峥嵘,洪德元. 铁破锣属的系统位置——ITS(nrDNA)序列证据[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1998, 36(5): 403-410.
[8]	俸宇星,汪小全,潘开玉,洪德元. rbc L基因序列分析对连香树科和交让木科系统位置的重新评价——兼论低等金缕梅类的关系[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1998, 36(5): 411-422.
[9]	吴征镒,汤彦承,路安民,陈之端. 试论木兰植物门的一级分类——一个被子植物八纲系统的新方案[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1998, 36(5): 385-402.
[10]	何田华,饶广远,尤瑞麟,张大明. 濒危植物木根麦冬的胚胎学研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1998, 36(4): 305-309.
[11]	施苏华,唐绍清,陈月琴,屈良鹄,张宏达. 11种金花茶植物的RAPD分析及其系统学意义[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1998, 36(4): 317-322.
[12]	汪小全,李振宇. rDNA片段的序列分析在苦苣苔亚科系统学研究中的应用[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1998, 36(2): 97-105.
[13]	李建华, A. Linn Bogle, Anita S. Klein, 潘开玉. 金缕梅科银缕梅属与帕罗堤属的亲缘关系——核糖体DNA ITS序列证据[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1997, 35(6): 481-493.
[14]	汪小全, 韩英, 邓峥嵘, 洪德元. 松科系统发育的分子生物学证据[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1997, 35(2): 97-106.
[15]	李宽钰, 黄敏仁, 王明庥. 用RAPD探讨毛白杨起源[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1997, 35(1): 24-31.