中国毛茛科植物小志(廿二)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

(1)揭示了铁线莲属以下演化趋势:萼片由开展到直立；雄蕊由无毛到有毛；雄蕊花丝由条形演

化到披针状条形或倒披针状条形；花药由长圆形演化到条形或狭条形；药隔不突出到在顶端突出；在雄

蕊被毛时，毛由少而短到多而长；此外花序由具花序梗和苞片到花序梗和苞片消失，以及由自当年生枝

叶腋生出转变到自老枝腋芽中生出。主要根据上述演化趋势，本文将我国铁线莲属各组及组下分类群

做出新的排列。(2)描述了6新亚组，6新系，2新种，4新变种，给出了5新组合，4新等级和2新名。

关键词: 铁线莲属, 演化趋势, 分类, 中国

Abstract:

(1) In the overwhelming majority of genera of the family Ranunculaceae, includ-

ing its primitive genera, Caltha, Calathodes, and Trollius and the primitive genus of trib.

Anemoneae, Anemone, the sepals are spreading and the stamens are glabrous. So, the as-

cending or upright sepals and hairy stamens of the sections Meclatis, Tubulosa, Viorna, and

Atragene of the genus Clematis are secondary, and are accordingly considered as advanced

characters, and those sections and the genus Archiclematis, closely related to Sect. Viorna

Subsect. Connatae, more or less advanced groups. (2) In the sections Cheiropsis, Fruticella,

and Viticella, which have glabrous stamens,some species have spreading sepals, and the

others have ascending or upright sepals. In Sect. Clematis, all the species have spreading

sepals and glabrous stamens, except for Clematis pinnata, which has ascending sepals and

usually hairy stamen filaments. In Sect. Lasiantha with 2 species restricted to western U. S.

A., C. lasiantha has glabrous stamens, while C. paucifiora has stamens hairy on flia-

ments. In Sect. Naraveliopsis with spreading sepals,the majority of species have glabrous

stamens, but one species, C.liboensis, endemic to Guizhou Province, China, has hairy sta-

mens. These facts just mentioned indicate that the evolution of sepals and stamens took place

in several lineages independently in Clematis. (3) In Clematis, glabrous stamens of C.api-

ifolia, C.grata, and C.montana with linear filaments and oblong anthers, are similar to

those of Caltha, Calathodes, Trollius, and Anemone. Thus, the linear filaments and ob-

long anthers are considered primitive characters in Clematis. On the other hand, lanceolate-

linear filaments of C. tangutica and C. aethusifolia or oblanceolate -linear filaments of C.

courtoisii and C. loureiriana and linear anthers of C. meyeniana and C. uncinata, and nar-

row-linear anthers of C. courtoisii and C. lanuginosa are considered advanced ones. In ease

of stamens with hairs, stamens of C. henryi with densely villous filaments and those of C.

kweichowensis with both filaments and anthers densely pubescent show more advanced con-

dition than those of C. pinnata, C. heracleifolia, and C. tangutica, with sparsely puberu-

lous filaments and glabrous antbers(Fig. 1 ). (4)The pedunculate, 2-bracteate dichasial cyme

with several flowers may represent the primitive type of inflorescences in Clematis. Many-

flowered panicle-like cymes as in C.gouriana and C. tsaii, or few-l-flowered cymes as in

C. henryi and C. repens, and cymes lacking peduncles and bracts as in C. montana and C.

pogonandra are all considered advanced. Besides, the fact that flowers arise from axillary

buds of old branches shows also an advanced condition. (5)Sect. Clematis subsect. Pinnatae,

with leaflets, inflorescence ramification, and stamens similar to those of C. heracleifolia, is

considered intermediate between Sect. Clematis and Sect. Tubulosa. (6) Subsect. Clematis

and Subsect. Rectae, and Subsect. Connatae and Subsect. Crispae are so closely related to

each other respectively that it is difficult to ascertain the systematic position of some interme-

diate species between the two subsections of each pair in the absence of seedlings. So, in the

present paper, following the classification of Clematis proposed by Tamura in 1967, I put

Subsect. Clematis and Subsect. Rectae in Sect. Clematis, and Subsect. Connatae and Subsect.

Crispae in Sect. Viorna. (7)According to the evolutionary tendencies mentioned above, a re-

alignment of the sections and the infrasectional taxa of the Chinese Clematis is made. (8) Six

subsections, 6 serise, 2 species, and 4 varieties are described as new, and 5 new combina-

tions, 4 new ranks, and 2 new names are given. (9)The specific rank of C. tenuipes W.T.

Wang, reduced to varietal renk in 1980, is restord. C. taiwaniana Hayata, reduced to syn-

onomy of C. grata Wall. in 1991, is considered distinct from the latter in hairy adaxial sur-

face of sepal and narrower achene with tapering apex. C. kerriana Drumm. & Craib and C.

laxipaniculata Pei are proved to be conspecific to C. subumbellata Kurz and reduced to syn-

onymy.

Key words: Clematis, Evolutionary tendencies, Classification, China

王文采. 中国毛茛科植物小志(廿二)[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

WANG Wen-Tsai. Notulae De Ranunculaceis Sinensibus(ⅩⅩⅡ)[J]. .

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中国毛茛科植物小志(廿二)

Notulae De Ranunculaceis Sinensibus(ⅩⅩⅡ)

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