香榧有性生殖周期的研究

中国科学院大学学报

香榧有性生殖周期的研究

汤仲埙, 陈祖铿, 王伏雄

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1986-12-18 发布日期:1986-12-18
通讯作者: 汤仲埙

Investigation on Sexual Reproductive Cycle in Torreya grandis

1Tang Zhong-Xun, 2Chen Zu-Keng, 2Wang Fu-Hsiung

1 (lnstitute of Forestry of Zhuji, Zhejiang Province, Zhuji)
2(Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Peking)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1986-12-18 Published:1986-12-18
Contact: Tang Zhong-Xun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

香榧Torreya grandis 是名贵“干果”和木本油料植物，为裸子植物红豆杉科的重要成员之。有关香榧的胚胎学过去有过报道，但其整个有性生殖过程，至今未有详细研究。作者就多年的观察和探索，基本搞清了香榧的有性生殖过程。香榧的球果原基在头年5月1日前已经开始分化，这时原基呈小丘状隆起，在它外面的第一对苞片几乎与球果原基处在同一水平线上。第二年5月1日前后，胚珠的各种组织已基本分化完全，并在珠心深处有一明显的大孢子母细胞。此刻，小孢子叶球中的花粉正处于2细胞传粉阶段。受精作用发生在8月底至9月初。原胚发育持续的时间很长，并在越冬之后于第三年4月开始向幼胚过渡。到9—11月间，种子完全成熟。

关键词: 香榧, 有性生殖周期, 受精作用, 原胚

Abstract:

Before May the first, the ovular primordium of Torreya grandis has differentiat-

ed. From this early moment the primordium look like the parabolic form and it is surrounded

by many pairs of scales, of which a pair of the inner scales are lying at the same level as the

primordium of ovule. About May the first of the second year, the differentiation of the various

tissues in the ovule has essentially completed. And the fertilization takes place from the end of

August to the beginning of September. After overwintering, the proembryo developes into a

young embryo in April of the third year, and at the last stage both the seed and the embryo beco-

me mature from September to November.

In the Taxaceae, the embryogenesis is similar in Amentotaxus,Austrotaxus, Taxus, and Pse-

udotaxus; their proembryos form cell wall all at the stage of 16-free nuclei and simple polyem-

bryony is common among them. In Torreya, however, the cell wall of proembryo appear at the

stage of 4 or 8-free nuclei, and cleavage polyembryony is its feature. On the basis of our obser-

vation, the sexual reproductive cycle of Torreya grandis seems to have two important features,

one of which is rather long (31 moths from ovular primordium to seed maturity; about 4 mon-

ths from pollination to fertilization and 7-8 months for development of proembryo). The sta-

te of the long sexual cycle in Amentotaxus and Austrotaxus is different from each other; in the

former development of young embryo lasts 10-11 months, and in the latter the interval between

pollination and fertilization is 13.5 months. The second feature of the sexual cycle in Torreya

grandis is over two winters: development of the sporogenous cells in the first, and the proembryo

development in the second. From the point of view of phylogenesis, some primitive characters

are present in the sexual cycle of Torreya grandis although a specialized feature of the embryoge-

nesis occurs in some degree.

Key words: Torreya grandis, Sexual reproductive cycle, Fertilization, Proembryo

汤仲埙, 陈祖铿, 王伏雄. 香榧有性生殖周期的研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Tang Zhong-Xun, Chen Zu-Keng, Wang Fu-Hsiung. Investigation on Sexual Reproductive Cycle in Torreya grandis[J]. .

[1]	刘林德, 王仲礼, 田国伟, 申家恒. 刺五加开花后雌蕊的发育状态与受精作用[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1998, 36(2): 111-118.
[2]	何关福, 马忠武, 印万芬, 徐植灵, 潘炯光, 朱启聪. 香榧树叶精油成分与化学分类[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1986, 24(6): 454-457.