东喜马拉雅南翼苔藓植物区系的特性及其来源

中国科学院大学学报

东喜马拉雅南翼苔藓植物区系的特性及其来源

吴鹏程, 罗健馨

(中国科学院植物研究所)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1982-11-18 发布日期:1982-11-18
通讯作者: 吴鹏程

The characteristics and possible origin of the bryoflora of the southern flank of the East Himalayas

Wu Pan-Cheng, Lou Jian-Shing

(Institute of Botany,Academia Sinica)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1982-11-18 Published:1982-11-18
Contact: Wu Pan-Cheng

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

In the south-east and south Xizang, in cluding Medog, Zayü some western separate

valleys Yadong, Kama near Zentang in Dinggye, Boqu near Zham in Nyalam and

Gyirong, a mild climate prevails because of the very high mountains and the very deep

valleys. According to our preliminary survey, 4/5 of the genera and 7/10 of the

species, i.e. approximately representing all families and genera of the tropical and

subtropical bryofliora of Xizang, are restricted to these localities below the altitude of

2,300 meters. It almost agrees with the previous presumption that the Tsangpo gorge

is the line of connection between two paleoeontinents—Laurasia and Gondwana.

Moreover, the bryoflora of these localities, besides the Indo-Malasian elements and

East Asian elements as the main components, has at least about 40 genera in common

with south America, Australia and Africa. According to the historical phytogeogra-

phical point of view, the distribution range of centain genera is formed through a

period of long historical development. The same is true for the area of different

species, although they are found in widely separate areas right now, yet they might

have once a continuous distribution in certain historical age. The Indian plate collided

against the eastern part of Laurasia and afterwards the Australasian plate moved to

the north. All these might have dispersed the Gondwana elements as far as to the

southeastern part of Xizang.

It is very interesting to note that of the 32 genera of bryophytes endemic to East

Asia, 13 have recently been found in the southeast and south Xizang and also in the

neighbouring regions, i.e. Yunnan, Sichuan, where there are many genera being in

common with southeast and south Xizang and also highly concentrated in distribution.

This may suggest that the Himalayas, being the highest and youngest mountain range,

have changed the atmospheric circulation, and have created a new ecological condition

between tropical and frigid zones, which have given the distribution of the newly form-

ed genera a suitable circumstance to survive. It may be presumed that the region

covering counties Medog, Zayü, Yadong etc. in southeastern and southern parts of the

Himalayas is a new center of distribution of bryophytes under the influence of the up-

heaval of the Himalayas.

吴鹏程, 罗健馨. 东喜马拉雅南翼苔藓植物区系的特性及其来源[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Wu Pan-Cheng, Lou Jian-Shing. The characteristics and possible origin of the bryoflora of the southern flank of the East Himalayas[J]. .