竹亚科分类的若干方法问题——兼论牡竹属的范畴

中国科学院大学学报

竹亚科分类的若干方法问题——兼论牡竹属的范畴

李德铢

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1994-05-18 发布日期:1994-05-18

On Some Problems of Methodology of Bamboo Classification with Special Reference to the Circum-scription of Dendrocalamus

Li De-zhu

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1994-05-18 Published:1994-05-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国竹亚科分类自70年代末以来取得了长足进展，但在高山竹类的属名、种类处理，青篱竹属在中国是否存在，以及丛生竹的属级界线等问题上，国内学者间，以及国内学者与国外学者间存在不同意见。读了林万涛关于中国牡竹属的两篇文章后，认为有必要就牡竹属的范畴作一讨论，其中也涉及国内竹亚科分类的若干方法论问题。根据分支系统学的原理，“广义牡竹属”是一个单系类群。参照Clayton对属级分类阶元提出的几条原则，特别是性状的选择，讨论了椅子竹属与碟环慈竹属的归属问题。笔者认为，数量分类学并不探讨类群的起源问题，研究系统发育则需要多学科的证据，因而单从营养体个别性状的相似性来推测系统发育是不可取的。最后本文归并了椅子竹属和碟环慈竹属。

关键词: 牡竹属的范畴, 椅子竹属, 碟环竹属, 方法论, 单系类群

Abstract:

The taxonomy of Chinese bamboos has grown so rapidly since the end of 1970s that more and more new bamboos are discovered and many new names are therefore published. It might lead to the accomplishment of the subfamily Bambusoideae in the 《Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae》 (FRPS) after the effort of several generations of Chinese taxonomists for over half a century. Meanwhile there remain some critical conflicts of the methodology and treatments in the classifications of Chinese bamboos among taxonomists on the mainland as well as between those in China and abroad. This includes the taxonomy of alpine bamboos, that of Arundinaria and its allies, and the problem of caespitose bamboos.

In approaching the taxonomy of Dendrocalamus, reminded again by W. T. Lin´s two recent papers, some methods used and treatments proposed by Lin and others are discussed. Based on the selection of characters, theory and practice of numerical taxonomy, and principles of cladistics, the circumscription of Dendrocalamus is discussed. The present author believes that it is a monophyletic genus. In other words, the generic concept of Dendrocalamus accepted by Gamble, Chia & H. L. Fung follows a natural group. The attribution of Sellulocalamus W. T. Lin (1989) and Patellocalamus W. T. Lin (1989), based on the species treated in Dendrocalamus by most authors, and their relationships with the latter, are examined

according to Clayton´s (1983) operational rules, including selection of characters, taxonomic distance between cluster centroides, clarity of moating, and predictive value. The result of numerical taxonomy showed similarities between the members within Dendrocalamus, while it could not be interpreted as phylogeny as Lin expected. Multidisciplinary data are needed for phylogenetic reconstruction, whereas the guess of phylogeny on the base of similarities of one or two vegetative characters can not be reliable. Taxonomy is a branch of science, and should be testable and repeat able. And a taxonomic treatment should be referred to all members of the group, including those in foreign countries. Finally, the generic names, Sellulocalamus and Patellocalamus, and three specific names under them, are merged into Dendro-

calamus as synonyms.

Key words: Dendrocalamus Circumscription, Sellulocalamus, Patellocalamus, monophyletic group, methodology

李德铢. 竹亚科分类的若干方法问题——兼论牡竹属的范畴[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Li De-zhu. On Some Problems of Methodology of Bamboo Classification with Special Reference to the Circum-scription of Dendrocalamus[J]. .