中药贝母名实考订

中国科学院大学学报

中药贝母名实考订

¹陈心启,²夏光成

¹(中国科学院北京植物研究所) ²(天津市药品检验药物研究所)

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1977-11-18 发布日期:1977-11-18
通讯作者: 陈心启

A Taxonomic Study of the Chinese Drug Bei-mu (Fritillaria)

¹Chen Sing-Chi, ²Hsia Kuang-Cheng

¹(Peking Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica) ²(Tientsin Institute of Materia Medica)

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1977-11-18 Published:1977-11-18
Contact: Chen Sing-Chi

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

Bei-mu (贝母), the bulbs of some fritillaries, is one of the most popular drugs

used in China ever since the ancient times. It is prescribed principally in coughs

and fevers. In recent years, although much chemical and pharmaceutical investiga-

tions of this drug have been made, its botanical origin remains confused. Several

types of commercial drugs Bei-mu, for instance, were incorrectly considered by some

authers as being derived from the bolbs of Fritillaria roylei Hook., a species of Kashmir

and Kumaon, not yet found in China. In the present paper, the writers attempt to

give a revision of the genus Fritillaria of China as well as of commercial drugs sold

on the chinese market under the name of Bei-mu, based on both plant and drug speci-

mens collected from 18 provinces and autonomous regions.

As a result of our study, twenty species, including two varieties, of Fritillaria of

China are recognized, of which four, F. crassicaulis S. C. Chen, F. omeiensis S. C.

Chen, F. unibracteata Hsiao et K. C. Hsia and F. hupehensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsia,

and one variety, P. thunbergii Miq. var. chekiangensis Hsiao et K. C. Hsia, are de-

scribed as new. They all, except two species, viz. F. maximowiczii Freyn and F.

davidii Franch., are known to possess medicinal value, from which different kinds of

commercial drugs Bei-mu are derived. These drugs are usually named for the places

where they come from. The first, called Zhe-bei (浙贝), F. thunbergii Miq., is obtained

from Chekiang and Kiangsu, the second, called Ping-bei (平贝), F. ussuriensis Maxim.,

from northeastern China, the third, called Lu-bei (炉贝), F. delavayi Franch., from

southwestern China, the fourth, called Chuan-bei (川贝), including F. cirrhosa D. Don,

F. unibracteata Hsiao et K. C. Hsia, F. przewalskii Maxim. etc., from Szechuan and

its neighbouring provinces, and the fifth, called Yi-bei (伊贝), including F. pallidiflora

Schrenk, F. karelinii (Fisch.) Baker, F. walujewii Rgl. etc., from Sinkiang. Occasio-

nally, the tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.) Franquet, the corms of Iphi-

genia indica Kunth and the bulbs of Lloydia tibetica Baker and Cyanotis vaga

(Lour.) Roem. et Schult. are also called Bei-mu in some local drug markets. They

are different not only in medicinal property but also in appearance from our tradi-

tional genuine commercial drugs Bei-mu as stated above. They are apparently adul-

terants.

Detailed accounts about the plants and drugs are given in the text. There are also

provided keys and illustrations which, we believe, will afford facilities for identifica-

tion.

陈心启,夏光成. 中药贝母名实考订[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Chen Sing-Chi, Hsia Kuang-Cheng. A Taxonomic Study of the Chinese Drug Bei-mu (Fritillaria)[J]. .