狭叶沙参复合体(桔梗科)的物种生物学研究

中国科学院大学学报

狭叶沙参复合体(桔梗科)的物种生物学研究

邱均专, 洪德元

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1993-01-10 发布日期:1993-01-10
通讯作者: 邱均专

A Biosystematic Study on Adenophora gmelinii Complex (Campanulaceae)

Qiu Jun-zhuan, Hong De-yuan

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1993-01-10 Published:1993-01-10
Contact: Qiu Jun-zhuan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对狭叶沙参复合体进行居群(共46个)采样、引种、栽培实验，生物学特性观察，染色体观察

(已发表)，杂交、同工酶比较、形态性状的定性定量分析、茎解剖和花粉形态的观察，发现：(1)该

复合体主要进行异花授粉，实生苗第二年才抽茎生花；(2)32个居群的染色体计数表明，在辽宁东部、

辽宁西部(绝大部分地区)和山西霍县的居群都为二倍体(2n=34)，而其它地方的居群为四倍体(2n

68)；(3)叶的酯酶同工酶的变异大，和一些形态特征，尤其是叶的形态和大小的变异相似，而种子的酯

酶同工酶则相当稳定；(4)通过9个居群的杂交试验，在狭叶沙参和石沙参四倍体居群间得到了一

些F1种子，而辽宁西部二倍体与上述的四倍体居群间的杂交未产生任何F1种子；(5)性状分析(包括

聚类分析与主成份分析)和茎解剖的研究，揭示了它们在叶、果实、花和种子的形态、髓纤维组织的有无、

叶锯齿和花萼裂片齿的有无和多少等形状上的变异幅度，并据此分辨出8个宗。其中辽宁西部的二倍

体宗形态上相当独特，被提升为种的等级。其余7个宗，根据不同的分化程度被处理为三个种和5个

亚种；(6)运用杂交指数法分析了石沙参和狭叶沙参在太行山一带杂交的可能性；(7)分析讨论了复

合体内各类群的起源和进化关系。

关键词: 物种生物学, 沙参属, 狭叶沙参, 石沙参, 狭长花沙参, 缢花沙参

Abstract:

Seven species were included in this complex before 《Fl. Reip. Pop.

Sin.》, which recognized 3 species. Carried out in this work were population

sampling ( 46 populations in total), cultivation, experimental observation,

chromosome observation (published), crossing, isozymogramatic comparison, char-

acter analysis (including numerical taxonomical analysis), stem anatomy and

palynological observation. The results are shown as follows.

1. This complex is found almost always out-pollinated as it is always

protandrous. No apomixis is found. Seedlings are of only basal leaves in the first

year, and it is only in the second year that they develop stems and come into

flowering.

2. Among 32 chromosome-counted populations, all in eastern Liaoning, most

in western Liaoning and two in Haoxian County of Shanxi Province are found to

be 2x (2n=34), and all the others 4x (2n=68).

3. A rather wide range of zymogramatic variation of leaf esterase was detected

in the complex. But seed esterase was quite constant.

4. Based on the character analysis (including numerical taxonomical analysis)

and stem anatomy, the populations'are found to be different from one another in

size and form of corollas, size of fruits, size and indumentum of calyces, size and

form of leaves (ratios of length and width), teeth of leaves, relative length of

styles and corollas, seed form as well as presence or absence of medullary fibre.

As a result, 8 races are recognized. A diploid distributed in western Liaoning,

which was recognized as a variety, A. polantha var. contracta, is so distinct in

gross morphology that it is treated here as a species, A. contracta (Kitag.) J.Z.

Qiu et Hong. With the other 7 races, 3 species (A. gmelinii, A. polyantha and A.

elata) and 5 subspecies are recognized.

5. As a result of crossing among 9 populations, some F1 seeds were produced

between the tetraploids, but none between the tetraploids and the diploids from

eastern Liaoning.

6. Inferred from hybrid index method, the tetraploid populations of A.

gmelinii and A. polyantha may have hybridized in eastern Shanxi Province and

western Hebei Province, which may explain the intergradation of these two

species.

The evolution of this complex is finally deduced. Its ancestor might occupy in

the past a rather wide area where it differentiated into three diploid races. From

the one now distributed in eastern Liaoning, the tetraploid of A. polyantha might

have evolved and migrated southwards; from the one in Haoxian (Shanxi), a

tetraploid of A. gelinii might have been derived and expanded its area north-

wards, and finally, its subspecies might have differentiated. No diploid has been

found in A. elata. Two diploids might be involved in its origin. One might be

the diploid of A. gmelinii, and the other a diploid with calyx teeth (not included

in the complex).

Key words: Biosystematics, Adenophora, A. gmelinii, A. polyantha, A. elata, A. contracta

邱均专, 洪德元. 狭叶沙参复合体(桔梗科)的物种生物学研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Qiu Jun-zhuan, Hong De-yuan. A Biosystematic Study on Adenophora gmelinii Complex (Campanulaceae)[J]. .

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