应用同工酶进行柑桔分类和进化研究

中国科学院大学学报

应用同工酶进行柑桔分类和进化研究

方德秋, 章文才, 肖顺元

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1993-07-18 发布日期:1993-07-18
通讯作者: 方德秋

Studies on Taxonomy and Evolution of Citrus and Its Related Genera by Isozyme Analysis

Fang De-qiu, Zhang Wen-cai, Xiao Shun-Yuan

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1993-07-18 Published:1993-07-18
Contact: Fang De-qiu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法，分析了柑桔属及其5个近缘属108个生物型的过氧化物酶、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶，四唑氧化酶，6—磷酸葡萄糖异构酶、6一磷酸葡萄糖变位酶。超氧化物歧化酶、苹果酸酶以及酯酶等8种酶系统同工酶。比较了属间，种间的酶谱差异。运用数量分类学的原理及方法，对柑桔属、金柑属，枳属的同工酶资料进行了相异性类平均聚类分析。结果表明，6属之间，酶谱差异十分明显，各属都有独特的酶带。根据同工酶及形态分析结果，提出将柑桔属分为大翼橙亚属，宜昌橙亚属和柑桔亚属共包含七大类的观点。富民枳可作为枳属一新种看待，它是联结枳属与柑桔属的桥梁。小果类桔是宽皮柑桔的原生类型；中国原产宽皮柑桔的代表以马鼻桔或细皮狗屎柑为佳。柑的来缘中有两条途径，即桔与甜橙的杂种以及桔的单元演化。依据同工酶研究结果，认为长寿金柑是金柑属与柑桔属的属间杂种；温州蜜柑来源于黄岩本地广桔的实生变异；香橙系宽皮桔与宜昌橙的杂种；酸橙则可能是柚与宽皮柑桔的杂交后代；枸橼和宽皮柑桔参与了红(木+黎)檬的起源。最后推测了柑桔类植物的系统发育趋势，初步绘出了演化图。

关键词: 柑桔, 同工酶, 分类, 进化, 聚类分析

Abstract:

The leaf or bark tissue extracts of 108 biotypes of Citrus and its five re-

lated genera were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for isozymes of

peroxidase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, phosphoglucose isomerase,

phosphoglucose mutase, superoxide dismutase, tetrazolium oxidase,

NADP+- dependent malate dehydrogenase and esterase. The inter-or intra-generic

differences of isozymograms were compared. Dissimilarities of the isozyme patterns

among the samples were calculated by computer based on the UPGMA method

to demonstrate the phylogenetic relationship of the biotypes. There are remarkable

isozymogramatic differences among the six genera. Generally speaking, each genus

possesses its own unique bands. Based on the cluster analysis, the total Citrus

biotypes are classified into seven groups, i.e. Honghe papeda, Mauritius papeda,

Pummelo, Ichang papeda, Citron, Lemon-lime and Mandarin-orange. Ichang

papeda is suggested to be the third subgenus of the genus Citrus. The Fuming

trifoliata orange is accepted as a new species of Poncirus-P. polyandra S. Q.

Ding. It might be the evolutionary bridge between Poncirus and Citrus, and one of

the “missing links” as suggested by W. T. Swingle. Microacrumen (small- fruited

mandarin) is the primitive form of the mandarins. It seems better to consid-

er“ Horse-nose mandarin ”or “Xipigoushigan mandarin” as the typic mandarin

originated in China. Euacrumen (large-fruited mandarin) might have arised

through two ways. One is hybridization of Microacrumen and C. sinensis, and

the other is just the variation of Microacrumen. Ancestors of some biotypes are

inferred based on isozyme data. Fortunella obovata Tan. may be a hybrid of

Fortunella and Citrus. C. unshiu Marc. arose from the nucellar mutation

of“Huangyanbendiguangju mandarin”( C. nobilis Lour.) in Huangyan of

Zhejiang Province. C. junos Sieb. came from hybridization of Ichang papeda and

mandarin. C. grandis Osbeck and mandarin may have been involved in the origin

of C. aurantium L.. C. limonia Osbeck may be a hybrid between C. medica L.

and mandarin. The evolutionary trend of citrus fruit trees is proposed, and

a tentative phylogenetic diagram is drawn.

Key words: Citrus, Isozymes, Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Cluster analysis

方德秋, 章文才, 肖顺元. 应用同工酶进行柑桔分类和进化研究[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Fang De-qiu, Zhang Wen-cai, Xiao Shun-Yuan. Studies on Taxonomy and Evolution of Citrus and Its Related Genera by Isozyme Analysis[J]. .

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