湘西北壶瓶山自然保护区植物区系

中国科学院大学学报

湘西北壶瓶山自然保护区植物区系

李良千, 张春芳, 宋书银, 陈岩

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1991-03-10 发布日期:1991-03-10
通讯作者: 李良千

The Flora of the Huping Mountains in W. Hunan Province

Li Liang-Qian, Zhang Chun-Fang, Song Shu-Yin, Chen Yan

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1991-03-10 Published:1991-03-10
Contact: Li Liang-Qian

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

壶瓶山自然保护区具有丰富的植物区系成分，现知维管束植物有205科(蕨类和拟蕨类植物40科，裸子植物7科，被子植物158科)，839属，约1961种(包括154变种)。其中，古和原始的科、属不乏其代表。从种子植物属的分布区类型的比较分析，该区具有我国15个种子植物属的分布区类型中的14个，表明了与世界各地区植物区系的联系程度。另一方面，该地区的植物区系虽含有丰富的热带成分，但根据各类温带属占该区总属数的百分比以及分布于该地区的中国特有属中的木本属几乎所有都是落叶的乔木或灌木，该区的植物区系性质明显偏重于温带性质。而且，这种温带性质可能与该区的山体海拔高度有着重要的联系。

关键词: 植物区系特点, 植物群落, 分布区类型, 湘西壶瓶山区

Abstract:

The Huping Mountains is a nature reserve in Hunan Province. It is situated at

29°58'-30°08'N. latitude, 110°29'-110°59' E. longitude in north-western Hunan.

The total area of the mountains is about 420km².

1. Rich in flora, the mountains is found to have 1961 species including varieties of 838

genera in 205 families (40 families of pteridophytes, 7 families of gymnosperms, 158 families

of angiosperms). The number of families in the Huping Mountains makes up 56.3% of 364

families in China, and 82.7% of 248 families in Hunan, that of genera in the mountains

makes up 26.2% of 3207 genera in China, and 67.4% of 1245 genera in Hunan; that of species

7.33% of 26750 species in China, and 45.4% of 4324 species in Hunan (see Table 1)

2. According to the comparative analysis of distribution areas of 743 genera of seed

plants in the Huping Mountains, 14 distribution types can be recognized as shown in Table 3

(15 distribution types in China). As shown in Table 3, the flora of the mountains is obvious-

ly temperate in nature, with abundant tropical elements. The amount of temperate genera in

the items 8-11 and 13 (see Table 3)is 373, being 54.5% of the total (excluding

cosmopolitan, the same below), while that of tropical genera from the items 2-7 is 277, be-

ing 40.4% of the total.

3. As a result of the analysis, the vegetation of the mountains can be divided into four

forest zones from the base to the top as follows:

A. The evergreen broad-leaved forest zone (below lloom alt.);

B. The mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest zone (1100-1500m alt.);

C. The deciduous broad-leaved forest zone (1500-1750m alt.);

D. The mountainous shrub and meadow zone (above 1750m alt.);

The dominant genera in the forests are Cyclobalanopsis, Castanposis, Lithocarpus,

Quercus, Schima, Carpinus, Betula, Fagus. Rhododendron, Salix, Sinarundinaria ect.

4. The analysis of endemic genera: Here included are those genera which are endemic to

China and also distributed in the mountains. There are 31 such genera (Table 6, including

the cultivated genus Metasequoia), making up 13.8% of 224 genera endemic to China which

occur in Hunan, 4.5% of the total number of genera in the mountains. Among the genera 18

are monotypic, I0 oligotypic and 2 multitypic as shown in Table 6. Concerning habit of the

endemic genera, 9 are herbs, 1 vine and 21 woody plants. The woody genera are nearly all

deciduous, and thus temperate in nature.

Finally, based on the facts mentioned above, the floristic characteristics, of the Huping

Mountains can be summarized as follows:

( 1 ) The flora is rich in species, genera and families, and complex in geographical ele-

ments. (2) As numerous primitive and ancient (especially temperate)families and genera are

found in this region. it might be one of the important preservation regions of the Tertiary

flora. (3) This flora is obviously temperate in nature judging from the percentage of temper-

ate genera and the life form of genera endemic to China in this region. The temperate genera

and deciduous woody genera endemic to China in the region, make up 57.5% of the total,

whereas the tropical genera does 40.4% of the total. The proportion of temperate genera

shows that this region is transitional from the subtropical flora to the temperate one. (4) The

temperate nature of the flora has probably caused by the height of the mountains.

Key words: Characteristics of Flora, Vegetation, Distribution-type, Western Hunan, Huping Mountains

李良千, 张春芳, 宋书银, 陈岩. 湘西北壶瓶山自然保护区植物区系[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Li Liang-Qian, Zhang Chun-Fang, Song Shu-Yin, Chen Yan. The Flora of the Huping Mountains in W. Hunan Province[J]. .

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[2]	应俊生, 李云峰, 郭勤峰, 崔禾. 秦岭太白山地区的植物区系和植被[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 1990, 28(4): 261-293.