岩参属的分类学界限及中国-喜马拉雅菊科二新属

中国科学院大学学报

岩参属的分类学界限及中国-喜马拉雅菊科二新属

石铸

收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1991-09-10 发布日期:1991-09-10
通讯作者: 石铸

On Circumscription of the Genus Cicerbita Wall., and Two New Genera of Compositae from Sino-Himalayan Region

Shih Chu

Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1991-09-10 Published:1991-09-10
Contact: Shih Chu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文是对中国-喜马拉雅地区的原莴苣属植物提出的分类订正。是笔者前一篇文章《莴苣属订正

及亚洲大陆菊科植物二新属》的续篇。文中建立了两个新属，即毛鳞菊属Chaetoseris Shih和细莴苣属Stenoseris Shih；文末及文中提供了本文所涉及的一些属种的分属和分种检索表。

关键词: 菊科, 菊苣族, 岩参属, 毛鳞菊属, 细莴苣属, 头嘴菊属

Abstract:

Dealt with in the present paper is a comparatively complex group of plants with

an outermost ring of short pappus at the apex of achenes in the tribe Lactuceae of

Compositae from the Sino-Himalayan Region. The group includes plants with rostrate

achenes and those with achenes non-rostrate, neither broadened, nor thickened or both

broadened and thickened margins as well as those with both heads polyanthous and plants

with heads reduced to only 3 florets. The previous taxonomical treatments of the complex

group may be considered unnatural. These non-Lactuca plants were treated either as mem-

bers of the genus Lactuca, or as those of the genus Cicerbita.

In order to provide a clear and natural classification for these extremely complex group

of plants from the Sino-Himalayan Region, it is first necessary to clear up the concept of the

genus Cicerbita. Cicerbita, as a genus, was separated from Lactuca and established by

Wallarth as early as in 1822 based on Lactuca alpina etc., but its circumscription was unclear

at the beginning. In his concept, Cicerbita covers not only plants with rostrate achenes, but

also plants non-rostrate achenes. The concept of Cicerbita had not been clear until its

lectotype was chosen. That is to say, only those plants with combination of non-rostrate

achenes and an outermost ring of short pappus at the apex of achenes in the tribe Lactuceae

can be regarded as the members of the genus Cicerbita. Such a concept of Cicerbita deffers

not only from the one of B. Beauverd, who placed genera, such as Mycelis Cass., Mulgedium

Cass., Steptorhamphus Bunge and Cephalorrhynchus Boiss., into Cicerbita respectively as sec-

tion, but also from the one of G. L. Stebbins, who also used strict concept of Cicerbita.

On the basis of the concept of Cicerbita mentioned above, through identification of

specimens with an outermost ring of short pappus of the tribe Lactuceae in the

Herbarium of Institude of Botany, Academia Sinica, recognized are four species from

China in the genus, i. e. Cicerbita oligolepis Chang, sp. nov., C. tianschanica (Rgl. et

Schmalh.) Beauverd, C. azurea (Ledeb.) Beauverd and C. sikkimensis (Hook. f.)

Shih.

With the concept of Cicerbita thus defined the related group of plants from the

Sino-Himalayan Region can now be further treated. One of them, like the plants of

Cicerbita, has an outermost ring of short pappus at the apex of achenes also, but by its

Achenes with broadened and thickened margin, acute or acuminate, extending into a ros-

trum at its apex, the group differ not only from Cicerbita with erostrate achenes, but also

from Lactuca without an outermost ring of short pappus at apex of achenes.

Unfortunately, some species in the group of the Sino-Himalayan Region were placed in

the genus Lactuca by predicessors. In fact, This is a new genus, Chaetoseris Shih.

The genus Chaetoseris Shih seems to be more similar to Cephalorrhynchus Boiss with

achenens neither broadened, nor thickened along its margins than to Cicerbita Wallr.

All of 18 species of Chaetoseris Shih are distributed in the Sino-Himalayan

Region. They are Chaetoseris grandiflora (Franch.) Shih, Ch. dolichophylla Shih,

Ch. leiolepis Shih, Ch. taliensis Shih, Ch. macrantha (C. B. Clarke) Shih, Ch. ciliata

Shih, Ch. hastata (Wall. ex DC.) Shih, Ch. cyanea (D. Don) Shih, Ch. macrocephala

Shih, Ch. lyriformis Shih, Ch. hispida Shih, Ch. roborowskii (Maxim.) Shih, Ch.

likiangensis (Franch.) Shih, Ch. sichuanensis Shih, Ch. pectiniformis Shih, Ch. lutea

(Hand. -Mazz.) Shih, Ch. rhombiformis Shih and Ch. yunnanensis Shih

Another group of Compositae which is represented by Lactuca graciliflora Wall. ex

DC. etc. and distributed in the Sino-Himalayan Region, and has an outermost ring of

short pappus at the apex of achenes, evidently should not be regarded as the members of

Lactuca. With a combination of usually fine cylindrical, calyculate involucres, 3

phyllaries arranged in 1 row, and heads with 3 florets and achenes broadened and thick-

ened along its margins the group should be regarded as a new genus, Stenoseris

Shih. This new genus seems to be similar to Mycelis Cass., with achenes neither broad-

ened, nor thickened along its margins and yellow florets rather than to Chaetoseris

Shih. Stenoseris Shih, distributed in the Sino-Himalayan Region, has five species. They

are St. graciliflora (Wall. ex DC.) Shih, St. taliensis (Franch.) Shih, St. tenuis Shih,

St. leptantha Shih and St. triflora Chang.

On the basis of the concept of Cicerbita, the present author provides in this paper a

revision for plants in the Sino-Himalayan Region previously placed in Lactuca. In this

sense, the present paper can be regarded as a continuation of “REVISION OF

LACTUCA L. AND TWO NEW GENERA OF TRIBE LACTUCEAE

(COMPOSITAE) ON THE MAINLAND OF ASIA” published in Acta

Phytotaxonomica Sinica before.

Key words: Compositae, Lactuceae, Cicerbita, Chaetoseris, Stenoseris, Cephalorrhynchus

石铸. 岩参属的分类学界限及中国-喜马拉雅菊科二新属[J]. 中国科学院大学学报.

Shih Chu. On Circumscription of the Genus Cicerbita Wall., and Two New Genera of Compositae from Sino-Himalayan Region[J]. .

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