采用城市规模分布的基尼系数、综合指标体系、城镇非农人口指数和经济职能指数等对新疆绿洲城镇的时空动态格局演变进行分析. 结果表明:1975年以来,新疆的城镇首位度始终处于增长态势,乌鲁木齐的首位度不断增长;其他城镇相对规模较小,城镇分布较为分散;中心城市极化作用明显;城镇化与区域一体化同步发展;北疆城镇的数量、规模和等级都高于其他区域,城镇分布的区域不平衡性明显;城镇的等级和规模与城镇综合经济实力呈正相关关系. 自然地理格局、历史、经济发展基础、人口规模、交通指向和行政管理等因素是造成城镇空间分布差异的主要原因.
We analyze the spatial-temporal evolution of oasis cities in Xinjiang. The results show that the urban primacy index has been increasing since 1975, especially that of Urumqi; polarization of central cities is obvious and urbanization and regional integration have been in sync; and the quantity, dimensions, and levels of the cities in North Xinjiang are greater than in the other regions of Xinjiang and the urban distribution has been substantially unbalanced. The main reasons for the urban geography in Xinjiang include distinctive characteristics of physical geography, history, economy, population, traffic-oriented urban development model, and administrative regime.
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