收稿日期: 2013-08-14
修回日期: 2013-10-25
网络出版日期: 2014-05-15
基金资助
国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项（201009001）资助
Characteristics of hazardous trace elements in PM2.5 in urban area of Chengdu
Received date: 2013-08-14
Revised date: 2013-10-25
Online published: 2014-05-15
在2011年各典型季节月，采集成都城区的PM2.5样品，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）分析获取32种元素浓度，对其中9种有害元素浓度、富集程度及可能来源进行分析.结果表明，有害元素Pb、Mn、As、Cr、Sb、Cd、Se、Ni和Co的年均浓度分别为（171.7±86.2）、（66.4±36.7）、（19.8±11.1）、（9.2±5.0）、（6.5±4.2）、（3.5±1.9）、（2.7±1.2）、（2.5±1.6）和（0.5±0.3）ng·m-3.绝大多数样品中As浓度超过世界卫生组织和中国环境空气质量标准的参考限值.元素Se、Cd、Sb、Pb和As有明显的富集现象，富集因子均值范围在492～5340.受土壤尘的影响，所有元素的富集因子在春季较低.因子分析结果进一步表明PM2.5中有害微量元素主要来自机动车、燃煤以及金属冶炼等人为来源.
张智胜 , 陶俊 , 龙颖贤 , 林泽健 . 成都城区PM2.5中有害微量元素的污染特征[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2014 , 31(3) : 426 -430 . DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2014.03.019
Daily PM2.5 samples were collected during the typical month of each season of 2011 at an urban site of Chengdu. 32 elements were detected in PM2.5 by ICP-MS, among which there were 9 hazardous elements. The concentrations, enrichment factors, and possible sources of the 9 elements were analyzed in this study. The annual average concentrations of Pb,Mn,As,Cr,Sb,Cd,Se,Ni, and Co were (171.7±86.2), (66.4±36.7), (19.8±11.1), (9.2±5.0), (6.5±4.2), (3.5±1.9), (2.7±1.2), (2.5±1.6), and (0.5±0.3) ng·m-3, respectively. The As concentrations in most of the collected samples exceeded the guideline values provided by WHO and Chinese ambient air quality standards. High enrichment factors of Se,Cd,Sb,Pb, and As were found, ranging from 492 to 5340. Relatively low enrichment factors were observed for all the hazardous elements during spring, since the ambient aerosol was significantly affected by soil dust. The results of the factor analysis further revealed that these hazardous elements were mainly contributed by anthropogenic sources such as motor vehicle emissions, coal combustion, and metal smelting.
Key words： PM2.5; hazardous trace elements; heavy metals; Chengdu
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