收稿日期: 2013-11-29
修回日期: 2014-03-27
网络出版日期: 2014-11-15
基金资助
北京市北京岩溶水资源勘查评价工程项目(BJYRS-ZT-03)资助
Characteristics of joints in karst area and their influence on karstification in Zhangfang in Fangshan region of Beijing
Received date: 2013-11-29
Revised date: 2014-03-27
Online published: 2014-11-15
北京张坊岩溶区是北方岩溶的典型代表.通过野外地质调查、节理与岩溶特征观测、地表节理数据统计分析和应力解析,对节理发育特征、节理形成时期及节理对岩溶作用的影响进行研究,发现节理构造对本区岩溶发育具有重要影响:1)节理的延伸方向不仅影响溶洞的延伸方向,而且控制洞穴的平面形态;2)地表斜向节理利于溶蚀裂隙和溶蚀破碎带的发育,而地表层间节理则更利于中小型层间溶洞的发育;3)节理的疏密影响岩溶的发育程度;4)节理充填不易溶蚀物质时抑制了岩溶的发育,而节理充填软弱物质时则有利于岩溶的发育;5)早期形成的节理比晚期形成的节理更有利于岩溶洞穴的发育.
董莹 , 琚宜文 , 张玉修 , 芮小平 , 卜红玲 , 郭高轩 . 北京房山张坊岩溶区节理发育特征及其对岩溶作用的影响[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2014 , 31(6) : 783 -790 . DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2014.06.009
Zhangfang area of Beijing is a typical example of the North China karst area, and the research on characteristics of joints and their impacts on karst and water enrichment is of great significance. In this paper, we attempt to study the characteristics of joints and discuss their influence on karstification with the method of probability and structural analysis. The earth's surface joint data that we use are got from geological surveys. Joints in this region have great influences on the karst development:1) the development extension of joints controls the extension and plane shape of karst development; 2) the oblique joints are favourable to the development of grikes and karst fracture zones while the intraformational joints are beneficial to the development of small and medium-sized interlayer karst caves; 3) the density of joints affects the degree of karst development; 4) joints filling with hard corrosion substance will restrain karst development while joints that filling with easy corrosion substance will be conducive to karst development; and 5) joints which formed early are more advantageous to the development of karst caves than the late joints.
[1] Liu J L, Zhu X Y, Qian X X. Study of some problems on the development and protection of fracture-karst water resources in North China [J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2000, 74(4): 344-352 (in Chinese). 刘建立,朱学愚,钱孝星. 中国北方裂隙岩溶水资源开发和保护中若干问题的研究[J]. 地质学报,2000,74(4):344-352.
[2] Li Y, Guo M, Zhou R. Discussion on exploration of the karst groundwater resources in Beijing area [J]. City Geology, 2009, 4(4): 1-4 (in Chinese). 李宇,郭萌,周嵘. 北京地区岩溶地下水资源勘查工作探讨[J]. 城市地质,2009,4(4):1-4.
[3] Xie Z H, Zhang Z J, Xing G Z, et al. Analysis of the groundwater-supply security about the representative cities in North China plain [J]. Resources Science, 2009, 31(3): 400-405 (in Chinese). 谢振华,张兆吉,邢国章,等. 华北平原典型城市地下水供水安全保障分析[J]. 资源科学,2009,31(3):400-405.
[4] Guo G X, Liu W C, Xin B D, et al, Current situations and discussions on karst groundwater resources exploration in Beijing [J]. South-to-North Water Diversion and Water Science & Technology, 2011, 9(2): 33-36 (in Chinese). 郭高轩,刘文臣,辛宝东,等. 北京岩溶水勘查开发的现状与思考[J]. 南水北调与水利科技,2011,9(2):33-36.
[5] Wang X H, Liu W C, Shen Y Y, et al. Analysis on the hydrogeology characteristics and exploitation potential of the emergency karst water source field in Xishan region, Beijing [J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2011, 30(2): 216-221 (in Chinese). 王晓红,刘文臣,沈媛媛,等. 北京西山岩溶水应急水源地水文地质特征及开采潜力分析[J]. 中国岩溶,2011,30(2):216-221.
[6] Engelder T, Geiser P. On the use of regional joint sets as trajectories of paleostress fields during the development of the Appalachian Plateau, New York [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1980, 85(B11): 6 319-6 341.
[7] Petit J P, Mattauer M. Palaeostress superimposition deduced from mesoscale structures in limestone: the Matelles exposure, Languedoc, France [J]. Journal of Structural Geology, 1995, 17: 245-256.
[8] Rawnsley K D, Peacock D C P, Rives T, et al. Joints in the Mesozoic sediments around the Bristol Channel Basin [J]. Journal of Structural Geology, 1998, 20(12): 1 641-1 661.
[9] Eyal Y, Gross M R, Engelder T, et al. Joint development during fluctuation of the regional stress field in southern Israel [J]. Journal of Structural Geology, 2001, 23: 279-296.
[10] Wang L Z, Hou G J, Chen W L. Characteristics of joints in the dam area of the Goupitan hydropower station and its implication to regional stress field [J]. Guizhou Geology, 2005, 22(4), 289-295 (in Chinese). 王令占,侯光久,陈文理. 构皮滩水电站坝区节理特征及对区域构造应力场的指示[J]. 贵州地质,2005,22(4):289-295.
[11] Ren S M, Ge X H, Liu Y J, et al. The stress field of Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonics in the northern Qaidam basin, northwest China: evidences from the analysis of joints data [J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2009, 28(7): 877-887 (in Chinese). 任收麦,葛肖虹,刘永江,等. 柴达木盆地北缘晚中生代-新生代构造用力场:来自构造节理分析的证据[J]. 地质通报,2009,28(7):877-887.
[12] Yin C M, Ren S M, Tian L Y. Effect of Altyn Tagh fault to southwest Qaidam basin: evidences from analysis of joints data [J]. Journal of Jilin University: Earth Science Edition, 2011, 41(3): 724-734 (in Chinese). 尹成明,任收麦,田丽艳. 阿尔金断裂对柴达木盆地西南地区的影响:来自构造节理分析的证据[J]. 吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2011,41(3):724-734.
[13] Qu Y H. Fracture network interconnectivity of the carbonate rock and its control over karst [J]. Earth Science (Journal of China University of Geosciences), 1991, 16(1): 71-77 (in Chinese). 区永和. 碳酸盐岩的裂隙网络连通度及其对岩溶的控制[J]. 地球科学(中国地质大学学报),1991,16(1):71-77.
[14] Qian H T, Wang S J, Yuan D J, et al. Tectonic features of a hydro project dam site and their influences on karst development [J]. Earth and Environment, 2005, 33(4): 47-52 (in Chinese). 钱海涛,王思敬,袁代江,等. 某水利枢纽坝区构造特征及其对岩溶发育规律的影响[J]. 地球与环境,2005,33(4):47-52.
[15] Guan J, Sun C M, Yang W N, et al. Controlling factors and characteristics of ground surface karst in Xiagangda village Dabanqiao town [J]. Journal of Heilongjiang Hydraulic Engineering College, 2006, 33(4): 35-37 (in Chinese). 官军,孙传敏,杨武年,等. 大板桥下岗大村地表岩溶发育特征及控制因素[J]. 黑龙江水专学报,2006,33(4):35-37.
[16] 北京市地质矿产局. 中华人民共和国区域地质调查说明书(1:5万,张坊幅)[R]. 1995:1-17.
[17] 郝梓国,杨亦武,云桂荣,等. 上方山-云居寺岩溶溶洞地质景观及其成因探讨[G]//中国地质学会旅游地学与国家地质公园研究分会成立大会暨第20届旅游地学与地质公园学术年会论文集. 2005:281-290.
[18] 北京市地质矿产局. 中华人民共和国区域地质调查说明书(1:5万, 龙门台幅)[R]. 1995:13-17.
[19] Weng J T, Zhang C, Jiang Z C, et al. The history of karst development and the evolution of karst environment around the western hills of Beijing [J]. Carsologica Sinica, 1995, 14(1): 41-48 (in Chinese). 翁金桃,章程,蒋忠诚,等. 北京西山地区岩溶发育史及岩溶环境变迁[J]. 中国岩溶,1995,14(1):41-48.
[20] Yang C H, Mei T, Wang G B, et al. Study on rockmass joint characteristics of Jiji quarry in Beishan, Gansu province [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2007, 26(2): 3849-3854 (in Chinese). 杨春和,梅涛,王贵宾,等. 甘肃北山芨芨采石场岩体节理特征研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):3849-3854.
[21] International Society for Rock Mechanics Commission on Standardarization of Laboratory and Field Tests (ISRM). Suggested methods for the quantitative description of discontinuities in rock masses [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts, 1978, 15(6): 319-368.
[22] Priest S D, Hudson J A. Discontinuity spacing in rock [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts, 1976, 13(5): 135-148.
[23] Priest S D, Hudson J A. Estimation of discontinuity spacing and trace length using scanline surveys [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstract, 1981, 18(3): 183-197.
[24] Zhang Z P, Wang Q C. Characteristics of joints and shear fractures of Kuqa depression with its implications to regional stress field [J]. Science in China Ser D: Earth Sciences, 2004, 34 (supl I): 63-73 (in Chinese). 张仲培,王清晨. 库车坳陷节理和剪切破裂发育特征及其对区域应力场转换的指示[J]. 中国科学 D辑 地球科学,2004,34(增刊Ⅰ):63-73.
[25] Qin L M, Liu Y C, Wu D C, et al. The features and analysis of joints in Xiluodu area [J]. Journal of Mineral and Petrol, 2003, 23(1): 51-54 (in Chinese). 覃礼貌,刘援朝,吴德超,等. 溪洛渡地区节理构造特征及解析[J]. 矿物岩石,2003,23(1):51-54.
[26] Huang J J. Structural features, stress fields and strain fields in Fenghuangshan silver mine area, Guangxi, China [J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2001, 7(1): 9-21 (in Chinese). 黄继钧. 广西凤凰山银矿区构造特征及构造应力场、应变场分析[J]. 地质力学学报,2001,7(1):9-21.
[27] 毕维铭. 北京市房山县岩溶地貌特征与分布规律[J]. 北京师院学报:自然科学版,1986(1):64-70.
[28] Zhang Z C, Song C Q, Xu Z P, et al. A preliminary study on the networks of ground water under the control of tectonic systems at Pinggu district, in Beijing [J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University: Natural Science, 1980(3/4): 111-122. 张振春,宋春青,徐振溥,等. 北京平谷地区构造体系控制地下水网络的初步研究[J]. 北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,1980(3/4):111-122.
[29] Wu Z K, Chen W L. Karst development features and engineering geologic conditions of the lower damsite of goupitan key water conservancy project on Wujiang river [J]. Carsologica Sinica, 1994, 13: 141-152. 吴忠康,陈文理. 乌江构皮滩水利枢纽下坝址岩溶发育特征及工程地质条件[J]. 中国岩溶,1994,13:141-152.
[30] Zhang C, Jiang Z C, Xie Y Q, et al. Geological structure, neotectonic movement and the formation, evolution of regional karst geomorphology of west-hill, Beijing [J]. Carsologica Sinica, 1995, 14: 231-240. 章程,蒋忠诚,谢运球,等. 北京西山南部构造及新构造运动与区域岩溶地貌形成、演化[J]. 中国岩溶,1995,14:231-240.
[31] Lü J B, Lu Y R, Zheng G S, et al. Formation of karst cave system and its relationship with neotectonic movement in Beijing western hills [J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2010, 29(4): 502-509 (in Chinese). 吕金波,卢耀如,郑桂森,等. 北京西山岩溶洞系的形成及其与新构造运动的关系[J]. 地质通报,2010,29(4):502-509.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
