依据空间属性和社会属性，将兰州市区155个贫困住区分别归类为棚户区型与城中村型、多民族型与单一汉族型，运用最邻近距离指数、核密度估计和缓冲区分析等方法，揭示兰州城市贫困住区的空间分异特征及其影响因素。结果如下。1）棚户区型、城中村型和单一汉族型的贫困住区在市区层面均呈凝聚型分布，而多民族型贫困住区呈分散型分布。2）4类贫困住区都存在1个高密度区（带）和1个次高密度区；多民族型与单一汉族型还各存在1个较高密度区，但核密度最高值差异较大。3）在城市基础地理要素黄河、洪道和铁路两侧，不同类型贫困住区的数量与比重不同，亲疏关系差异较大。4）微观上的自然地理环境、历史格局和民族文化，宏观上的产业发展政策、住房供应体制和城市规划是影响贫困住区空间分异的重要因素。

Based on the spatial and social characteristics, we classified the 155 poverty settlements in Lanzhou City into shanty-town type, urban-village type, multi-ethnic type, and single-Han-ethnic type. Then, we analyzed the spatial differentiation characteristics of poverty settlements and the impact factors using several methods such as nearest neighbor index (NNI), kernel density, buffer analysis, and overlay analysis. The results are given as follows. 1) The poverty settlements of shanty-town type, urban-village type, and single-Han-ethnic type present condensed distributions, but the multi-ethnic type presents dispersed distribution. 2) There are a high density area and a second high density area for each of the four types. There is also a third density area for each of single-Han-ethnic type and multi-ethnic type, but the central locations and the highest density values are different. 3) In terms of the spatial relations between poverty settlements and the three basic geographical elements which are the Yellow River, drainage ditches, and railways, the numbers and proportions of the four types of poverty settlements are different, and the difference of close-distant relationship is large. 4) The spatial differentiation of poverty settlements is a synergic result of several factors. At microscopic level, the natural geographical environment, historical pattern, and ethnic culture are the basic impact factors. At macroscopic level, regulation of urban planning, transformation of industrial development policy, and housing supply institution have significant influences.