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氧化铝工业赤泥环境影响研究进展

  • 薛生国 ,
  • 李玉冰 ,
  • 郭颖
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  • 1. 中南大学冶金与环境学院, 长沙 410083;
    2. 中南大学国家重金属污染防治工程技术研究中心, 长沙 410083

收稿日期: 2017-03-01

  修回日期: 2017-05-15

  网络出版日期: 2017-07-15

基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(41371475)和国家环保公益性行业科研专项(201509048)资助

Environmental impact of bauxite residue:a comprehensive review

  • XUE Shengguo ,
  • LI Yubing ,
  • GUO Ying
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  • 1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
    2. Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

Received date: 2017-03-01

  Revised date: 2017-05-15

  Online published: 2017-07-15

摘要

赤泥是氧化铝工业生产过程排放的强碱性固体废弃物,盐分含量高、资源化利用难。外排赤泥以堆存方式为主,污染事故频发,赤泥环境安全问题正严重威胁氧化铝工业的可持续发展。在调研近30年国内外相关文献的基础上,综述赤泥的物理化学特性和生物学毒性,分析赤泥处置和资源化利用的环境影响,剖析赤泥堆场生态修复和基质改良的环境问题,解析赤泥库溃坝对周边土壤、水体和生态系统的环境风险,结合国内外氧化铝工业赤泥处置和资源化利用方面亟待关注的问题提出未来赤泥环境影响研究的重点方向。这将为赤泥资源化利用和规模化处置过程的环境风险防控管理、促进氧化铝工业的健康发展提供科学依据。

本文引用格式

薛生国 , 李玉冰 , 郭颖 . 氧化铝工业赤泥环境影响研究进展[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2017 , 34(4) : 401 -412 . DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2017.04.001

Abstract

Bauxite residue is a solid waste in the industrial process of aluminum oxide, and it is characterized by high alkalinity and salinity and has no large volume of utilization. Presently, bauxite residue is still stored or dumped on land. The high rate of bauxite residue spill and pollution episode and the impact of bauxite residue seriously threaten sustainable development of alumina industry. On the basis of reviewing the literature in recent 30 years, this review summarizes the physical properties, chemical properties, and biological toxicity, focuses on the four dimensions of environmental impacts of bauxite residue, including the chronic and potential problems of disposal, utilization, and revegetation, and emphasizes the acute and sudden environmental risk to surrounding soil, water, and ecosystem with a typical bauxite residue repository failure case. Given the concerned problems of disposal and utilization of bauxite residue, future research directions are also discussed in this paper. This will provide a scientific reference for the large-scale disposal of bauxite residue and ecological rehabilitation, and ensure the healthy development of alumina industry.

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