生物炭添加对大豆和花生幼苗氮素吸收速率的影响

徐兴良; 封宇晴; 崔健

doi:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2017.04.009

中国科学院大学学报 >

2017 , Vol. 34 >Issue 4: 471 - 477

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2017.04.009

“全球变化生态学”专栏

生物炭添加对大豆和花生幼苗氮素吸收速率的影响

徐兴良 ,
封宇晴 ,
崔健

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1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室, 北京 100101;
2. 北京市第八中学, 北京 100033

收稿日期: 2016-05-30

修回日期: 2016-10-07

网络出版日期: 2017-07-15

基金资助

国家自然科学基金（31470560）资助

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Effects of biochar addition on nitrogen uptake of Glycine max and Arachis hypogaea seedlings

XU Xingliang ,
FENG Yuqing ,
CUI Jian

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1. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
2. Beijing No. 8 Middle School, Beijing 100033, China

Received date: 2016-05-30

Revised date: 2016-10-07

Online published: 2017-07-15

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摘要

以大豆和花生幼苗为研究对象，借助¹⁵N示踪技术研究生物炭添加量（0、0.5、2.5和10 mg·g^-1）对大豆和花生两种豆科植物幼苗的生物量和氮素吸收速率的影响。研究发现，同对照相比生物炭添加未显著改变大豆幼苗的总生物量，但两个较高剂量添加处理之间存在显著性差异；生物炭添加未显著改变花生幼苗的生物量，但最大剂量添加显著增加其根冠比。随着添加剂量的增加，生物炭显著降低大豆对¹⁵NH₄⁺和¹⁵N-glycine的吸收速率，但对¹⁵NO₃^-吸收速率的降低作用相对较弱。生物炭添加显著降低花生对¹⁵NH₄⁺的吸收速率，而对¹⁵NO₃^-吸收速率的影响表现为先增加后降低的趋势，生物炭未显著改变花生对¹⁵N-glycine的吸收速率。以上研究表明，生物炭能够影响作物氮素吸收速率，但影响依赖于物种差异及生物炭添加剂量。因此对农田土壤进行生物炭添加时，应考虑物种属性和氮形态的差异以提高氮素利用效率和维持作物产量。

关键词： 生物炭; 铵态氮; 硝态氮; 氮吸收速率; ¹⁵N示踪技术

本文引用格式

徐兴良 , 封宇晴 , 崔健 . 生物炭添加对大豆和花生幼苗氮素吸收速率的影响[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2017 , 34(4) : 471 -477 . DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2017.04.009

Abstract

¹⁵N-labeling technique was used to investigate effects of biochar addition (0, 0.5, 2.5, and 10 mg·g^-1) on biomass and nitrogen uptake of Glycine max and Arachis hypogaea seedlings. We found that biochar addition did not significantly alter total biomass of G. max seedlings compared to control, while a significant difference was observed between two higher addition levels. Biochar addition did not change total biomass of A. hypogaea seedlings, but the highest addition level significantly increased its root to shoot ratios. Increased biochar addition substantially reduced uptake of ¹⁵NH₄⁺ and ¹⁵N-glycine by G. max seedlings, but weak effect on uptake of ¹⁵NO₃^- was observed. Biochar addition significantly decreased uptake of ¹⁵NH₄⁺ by A. hypogaea seedlings, but did not significantly affect uptake of ¹⁵N-glycine. In contrast, uptake of ¹⁵NO₃^- by A. hypogaea seedlings increased first and then decreased with biochar addition. This indicates that biochar addition affects nitrogen uptake by crops, but the effect depends on plant species and amount of added biochar. Therefore, species and nitrogen forms should be considered when biochar is used as a management measure for agricultural soil to improve nitrogen use efficiency and crop production.

Key words： biochar; NH₄⁺; NO₃^-; uptake of nitrogen; ¹⁵N labeling

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