公路运输效率是衡量公路运输发展水平的重要依据。应用数据包络分析（DEA）方法中的BCC模型，结合超效率模型，对长三角地区2014年16个城市公路交通运输有效性进行评价，从投入冗余和产出不足两方面分析非DEA有效单元存在的问题。运用DEA-Malmquist指数方法，全面分析2007-2014年长三角地区公路运输全要素生产率的时空演变规律和区域差异，得到下列结果。1）长三角地区2014年公路运输综合效率整体水平较高；存在着一定的地区差异性，南北分异突出，南部地区明显高于北部地区；有效性主要受规模效率影响。2）2007-2014年公路运输的全要素生产率指数呈现了一定的波动，总体较为稳定；公路运输技术进步的波动是导致其变化的主要原因。从时空演化来看，长三角地区2007-2014年时间段内，Malmquist指数先升后降，区域差异先缩小后增大。北部地区区域差异高于南部地区。
Transportation efficiency is an important index for highway transportation service evaluation. This research evaluated the highway transportation efficiency for the 16 cities of the Yangtze River Delta in 2014 using the BCC model combined with the super-efficiency model in data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. With the DEA-Malmquist method, spatial and temporal development characteristics of highway transportation total factor productivity (TFP) were analyzed. Some conclusions were drawn as follows. 1) The overall efficiency of the highway transportation in the Yangtze River Delta was high in 2014, but there were some regional differences and the integrated transportation efficiency of the southern part was significantly higher than that of the northern part, which was decided by scale efficiency. 2) Malmquist index of highway transportation from 2007 to 2014 showed a certain fluctuation but was relatively stable in overall. The fluctuation in technical progress of the highway transportation was the main factor in the change in TFP. From the point of view of the space-time evolution from 2007 to 2014, the Malmquist index increased first and then decreased, while the regional difference decreased first and then increased. The regional difference in the northern part was larger than that in the southern part.
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