对于给定的热电制冷器，影响其制冷效率的主要因素是冷热端强化散热方式。以实验的方式就散热端、散冷端分别在强制对流和自然对流状态下，散热器、散冷器及制冷空间的温度随时间变化的规律进行研究。结果表明，在本实验条件下，热端自然对流时，散热器的相对温度持续上升，散冷器的相对温度先下降到最低值然后上升。在实验进行到600 s时，散热器的相对温度为26.05℃，散冷器的相对温度为-3.97℃。热端强制对流使散热器和散冷器相对温度分别稳定在3.20℃和-20.00℃。热端散热风量为最佳值时，散热风扇和热电制冷器的输入功耗和为极小值，此时热电制冷器综合能效最佳。冷端强制对流时，散冷器与制冷空间最大温差由冷端自然对流状态时的7℃降低至2℃，实现制冷空间温度的均匀性。

For a given thermoelectric refrigerator, the main factor that affects the cooling efficiency is the enhanced heat dissipation modes at the cold and hot ends. In this work, the temperature variations of radiators, coolers, and cooling space with time in the states of forced convection and natural convection at the heating end and the cooling end, respectively, were experimentally studied. The experimental results show that under the natural convection at the heating end, the relative temperature of the radiator continues to rise and the relative temperature of the cooler first drops to the minimum and then rises. When the experiment lasts 600 s, the radiator relative temperature and the cooler relative temperature are 26.05℃ and -3.97℃, respectively. Under the forced convection, the radiator and cooler relative temperatures were stable at 3.2℃ and -20.00℃, respectively. There is an optimal value for the amount of the heating end air flow, which minimizes the input power consumption of the cooling fan and the thermoelectric cooling and leads to the best performance of the thermoelectric cooling. When the cooling end is under forced convection, the maximum temperature difference between the cooler and the cooling space is 2℃, while under natural convection the maximum temperature difference is 7℃,which realizes the uniformity of the temperature in cooling space.