河西走廊系列盆地构造演化的三维数值模拟

李蔚琳; 程惠红; 张怀; 石耀霖

doi:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2019.02.007

中国科学院大学学报 >

2019 , Vol. 36 >Issue 2: 196 - 207

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2019.02.007

地球科学

河西走廊系列盆地构造演化的三维数值模拟

李蔚琳 ,
程惠红 ,
张怀 ,
石耀霖

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中国科学院大学中国科学院计算地球动力学重点实验室, 北京 100049

收稿日期: 2018-02-13

修回日期: 2018-03-28

网络出版日期: 2019-03-15

基金资助

国家自然科学基金重大项目（41590885）和中国科学院大学校部教师与研究所合作专项基金（Y652013Y00）资助

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Three-dimensional numerical modeling of the tectonic evolution of the serial basins in the Hexi Corridor in Northwest China

LI Weilin ,
CHENG Huihong ,
ZHANG Huai ,
SHI Yaolin

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Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics of CAS, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received date: 2018-02-13

Revised date: 2018-03-28

Online published: 2019-03-15

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摘要

河西走廊是青藏高原向东北方向扩展生长的前缘地区。在青藏高原向东北方向推挤过程中，走廊内形成盆山相间的地貌，自东向西为武威—张掖—酒泉—玉门盆地，呈一字形排列，是研究新生盆地构造演化的理想地区。基于河西走廊及其邻区晚新生代构造环境、现今盆地与断裂带的几何构造布展、GPS和历史地震资料，建立区域三维黏弹塑性有限元地质模型，以期动态刻画近5 Ma河西走廊系列盆地的构造演化过程，探讨地壳的横向不均匀性对该区域构造变形的影响。数值分析结果如下。1）在近5 Ma的区域压扭构造作用下，河西走廊多个力学性质较强的次级块体依次形成左行排列的系列盆地且被NNW-NW向的断裂带和隆起分割。2）与研究区域内的其他地区相比，河西走廊与祁连山和阿拉善地块的交界处及祁连山地区整体抬升速度较快，且北祁连山抬升速度大于南祁连山。3）祁连山北缘榆木山断裂段呈现微弱东西引张，抬升速度比两端慢，地表垂直抬升速率呈现“缺口”形态。4）与河西走廊相邻的塔里木和阿拉善地块的上地壳相对于不断隆升的青藏高原下沉，且挤压盆地中地壳，使得盆地之间出现隆起。数值分析的结果反映了河西走廊系列盆地的演化过程，解释了现今祁连山地区河流网络分布现象，也揭示了青藏高原东北缘向北东方向扩展生长过程中潜在的动力来源。

关键词： 河西走廊; 青藏高原东北缘; 构造演化; 黏弹塑性; 有限元模拟

本文引用格式

李蔚琳 , 程惠红 , 张怀 , 石耀霖 . 河西走廊系列盆地构造演化的三维数值模拟[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2019 , 36(2) : 196 -207 . DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2019.02.007

Abstract

The Hexi Corridor, located in the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is the leading edge of northeastern expanding of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the northeastern thrusting of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, there forms the landscape of basins and mountains in the Hexi Corridor, which is an ideal area for studying the tectonic evolution of the Cenozoic basins. The four basins, Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan, and Yumen basins, lay in the Hexi Corridor from the east to the west. Based on the Late Cenozoic tectonic environment in the Hexi Corridor and its adjacent areas, the geometric structure of the present basins and fault zones, GPS, and historical seismic data, we establish a three-dimensional visco-elastic-plastic finite element model to describe the tectonic evolution process of the serial basins in the Hexi Corridor dynamically and explore the effects of lateral inhomogeneity of the crust on the tectonic deformation in this area. The results of the simulation are shown as follows. 1) The hard secondary blocks in the Hexi Corridor form four basins in a sequence of left echelon arrangement in the model and they are separated by the NNW-NW faults. 2) Compared with other regions, the Qilian Mountains and the junction areas of the Hexi Corridor with the Qilian Mountains and the Alashan block generally uplift fast and the uplifting speed of the Northern Qilian Mountains is higher than that of the Southern Qilian Mountains. 3) Under the overall compression-torsion, there appears an approximate "pull-point tectonic structure" gap on the Elm Shan fault in the northern Qilian fault zone where the uplifting speed is slower than in the adjacent part on the fault. 4) In the Tarim and Alashan blocks, the upper crust sinks correspondingly and squeezes lower blocks, and thus the tectonic framework between the basins and the mountains forms. The results of the modeling reflect the evolution of the serial basins in the Hexi Corridor, explain the distribution of the current river network in the Qilian Mountains area, and reveal the potential power source of the northeastern thrusting of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.

Key words： Hexi Corridor; Northeastern Tibetan Plateau; tectonic evolution; visco-elasto-plastic; finite element modeling

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