准确高效的太阳位置计算在遥感辐射定标、太阳能获取等多个领域具有重要应用价值。针对传统太阳赤纬角算法对不同年份数据差异考虑不足的问题，采用数值拟合法提出适用于不同年份的改进公式。根据误差曲线所呈现的周期性，采用傅里叶展开法提出以4年为周期的赤纬角改进算法，并推导出地球椭球模型下的太阳高度角公式。蒙气差影响太阳位置观测与计算。针对传统蒙气差算法在低仰角下误差较大的问题，提出0°~30°仰角下蒙气差的改进公式。把改进算法与相应的传统算法进行误差对比，结果表明，改进算法在太阳赤纬角、太阳高度角、低仰角下蒙气差计算的误差均明显降低，计算过程简单高效，符合相关工程项目应用需求。
Accurate and efficient calculation of the solar position is of great value in the fields of remote sensing radiation calibration and solar energy acquisition. Firstly, in this work we use the numerical fitting method to improve the calculation of the solar declination aiming at solving the problem that the differences in data among different years has not been considered enough in the original algorithms. According to the periodicity represented by the error curves, an improved algorithm for solar declination calculation based on a period of four years is proposed by using the Fourier expansion method. Then the formula of the solar elevation angle under the earth ellipsoid model is derived. Finally, the improved formula of the atmosphere refraction at elevation angles of 0°-30° is proposed to solve the problem of excessive errors of the original algorithms at small elevation angles, because the atmosphere refraction affects the observation and calculation of the solar position. The results show that the algorithms given in this paper significantly reduce the errors in the calculations of the solar declination angle, the solar elevation angle, and the atmosphere refraction at small elevation amgles. The calculation process is simple and efficient, which accords with the requirements of the relevant project.
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