合理判别降雨径流的初期冲刷效应，并研究初期冲刷效应的冲刷强度和影响因素，对城市雨洪管理和海绵城市建设具有重要意义。提出污染物初期冲刷率（MFF30）（当产生前30%的地表径流时，累积污染负荷比例与累积径流比例的比值）的5级分类标准。通过测定北京地区不同量级的降雨事件中不同特征子汇水小区的地表径流及其水质，分析影响TSS、COD和TN这3种污染物冲刷强度的降雨和下垫面因素。结果表明，MFF30的5级分类标准可用于准确地定量判别和比较初期冲刷效应。在其他降雨或下垫面条件近似的情况下，前期干燥天数、雨强的动态变化、子汇水小区的漫流宽度和坡度，和交通流量对初期冲刷效应有很大影响。
It is of great significance to reasonably discriminate the first flush effect of rainfall runoff, scientifically evaluate the flushing strength, and explore the factors influencing the first flush effect. In the present study, the corrected five-level classification criteria of MFF30 (the ratio of cumulative pollution load ratio to cumulative runoff ratio when the top 30% of surface runoff occurs) were developed. Overland flow processes and runoff water quality were measured within the seven different subcatchments during the seven rainfall events in Beijing, and the factors that influenced the TSS, COD, and TN flushing strengths were analyzed. The results showed that the first flush effects could be explicitly quantified and compared by using the corrected MFF30 method. If other precipitation or underlying surface conditions were similar, antecedent dry days, dynamic variation in rainfall intensity, surface slope and width of the subcatchment, and traffic flow greatly made the impact on the first flush effect.
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