港口及港口城市作为21世纪海上丝绸之路的重要节点，在推动沿线国家发展中起着关键作用。基于Google Earth和Landsat遥感数据及集装箱吞吐量统计数据，采用GIS空间统计分析方法，分析21世纪海上丝绸之路沿线38个重要港口（不包括中国港口）面积的时空变化特征，并对相对集中指数（RCI）进行改进（引入城市建设用地面积作为城市发展的表征参量），评估沿线港口及港口城市的港城关系状况。研究发现：1）21世纪海上丝绸之路沿线重要港口面积区域化特征明显，港口面积整体呈"西部大东部小"的区域分布格局；2）港口面积变化（0.01~4.93 km2）及面积变化比例（0.01~5.07倍）分布情况均存在区域分异特征，各区域（东南亚、南亚、西亚、欧洲、非洲）港口面积变化差异较小，港口面积变化比例差异较大；3）港城关系状况存在明显的区域化特征，欧洲地区港口对城市的作用关系相对较强（2017年平均RCI约为2.98），亚洲地区港口对城市的作用关系相对较弱（2017年平均RCI约为1.51）。研究结果可为海外港口及港口城市腹地建设提供科学的参考依据。
As important nodes of the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road, ports and port cities play the key role in promoting the development of countries along the road. Based on Google Earth and Landsat remote sensing data and the container throughput statistics, we adopt the spatial analysis method to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of 38 important ports in the countries (excluding China) along the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road. Furthermore, we introduce the urban construction land area as a representative parameter of urban development to modify the relative concentration index (RCI), and evaluate the relationships between ports and port cities along the road. The results are shown as follows. 1) The areas of important ports along the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road have obvious regional distribution patterns, showing the characteristic of "bigger in the west and smaller in the east". 2) The variation of the port area (0.01-4.93 km2) and the change proportion of the port area (1%-507%) have the characteristics of regional differentiation. In the different regions (Southeast Asia, South Asia, West Asia, Africa, and Europe), the differences in port area change are little, while the differences in port area change proportion are large. 3) The port-city relationships also have obvious regional features. The influences of European ports on the cities are relatively strong (average RCI is about 2.98 in 2017), and the role of the ports in Asia is relatively weak (average RCI is about 1.51 in 2017). The results provide scientific information for construction of ports and port hinterlands.
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