城市河岸带的斑块组成和空间分布对小气候的影响&mdash;&mdash;以北京永定河河岸带为例

王昕; 张娜; 乐荣武; 郑潇柔

doi:10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2020.05.005

中国科学院大学学报 >

2020 , Vol. 37 >Issue 5: 606 - 618

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2020.05.005

环境科学与地理学

城市河岸带的斑块组成和空间分布对小气候的影响——以北京永定河河岸带为例

王昕 ,
张娜 ,
乐荣武 ,
郑潇柔

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1. 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院, 北京 101408;
2. 燕山地球关键带与地表通量观测研究站, 北京 101408;
3. 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院空间信息研究中心, 广东深圳 518055

收稿日期: 2019-03-22

修回日期: 2019-05-08

网络出版日期: 2020-09-15

基金资助

北京市自然科学基金（8181001，8132045）资助

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Effects of composition and spatial distribution of patches on microclimate in the urban riparian zone：a case study of riparian zone along Yongding River in Beijing

WANG Xin ,
ZHANG Na ,
YUE Rongwu ,
ZHENG Xiaorou

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1. College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China;
2. Yanshan Mountains Earth Critial Zone and Surface Flux Research Station, Beijing 101408, China;
3. Center for Geospatial Information, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China

Received date: 2019-03-22

Revised date: 2019-05-08

Online published: 2020-09-15

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摘要

为探讨河岸带斑块组成与空间分布对小气候的影响，以修复后的北京永定河门城湖—莲石湖段河岸带为研究区，于2017年8月，选择晴朗天气，分别在早晨、中午和傍晚实测每个植被斑块的地温（LST）、气温（TP）和相对湿度（RH），获取斑块指数。运用冗余度分析和逐步回归分析，探讨影响植被斑块小气候的因素。结果表明：与道路相比，植被可显著降低斑块内部的LST和TP，增大RH；但不同类型植被斑块之间的差异并不显著。夏季白天不同时刻植被斑块的LST、TP和RH均会受到斑块及其邻近斑块特征的共同影响，但不同类型斑块小气候所受影响不尽相同。中午时，草本植物高度增加0.1 m，LST降低5.11%；灌木覆盖度增加10%，TP降低2.50%，RH增加10.82%；邻域乔木面积增加10%，草阔和草本植物斑块LST分别降低8.26%和44.98%；邻域道路面积增加10%，草阔斑块LST最大增加6.00%；距河距离减少10 m，草本植物和灌木斑块RH最大分别增加9.32%和2.01%。不同斑块指数之间的交互或加和作用对小气候的影响通常比单个指数更显著。

关键词： 城市河岸带; 地表温度; 气温; 相对湿度; 斑块组成; 空间分布; 邻近斑块

本文引用格式

王昕 , 张娜 , 乐荣武 , 郑潇柔 . 城市河岸带的斑块组成和空间分布对小气候的影响——以北京永定河河岸带为例[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2020 , 37(5) : 606 -618 . DOI: 10.7523/j.issn.2095-6134.2020.05.005

Abstract

We discuss the effects of composition and spatial distribution of patches on microclimate in the riparian zone from Mencheng Lake to Lianshi Lake along Yongding River in Beijing. In August 2017, we measured the three microclimate indexes, land surface temperature (LST), air temperature (TP), and relative humidity (RH), within each vegetation patch in the morning, at noon, and at dusk, respectively, on the same sunny days.Redundancy analysis and stepwise regression analysis are used to determine the main factors affecting the three microclimate indexes for different vegetation patch types and how they affect. The results show that, compared with roads, plants significantly reduce LST and TP and increase RH within the vegetation patches. However, the differences among the three vegetation patch types are not significant. LST, TP, and RH at the three times are affected by the characteristics of both vegetation patches themselves and their adjacent patches. However, these relationships at the same time are not always the same for different vegetation patch types. At noon, as the height of herb increases by 0.1 m, LST within herb patches reduces by 5.11%. As the shrub coverage increases by 10%, TP within shrub patches reduces by 2.50% and RH increases by 10.82%. As the adjacent tree coverage increases by 10%, LST within the mixed herb and broad-leaved patches and the herb patches reduces by 8.26% and 44.98%, respectively. As the adjacent road area increases by 10%, LST within the mixed herb and broad-leaved patches increases by up to 6.00%. As the distance from the river decreases by 10 m, RH within herb patches and shrub patches increases by up to 9.32% and 2.01%, respectively. In general, the index interactions or additions among different patches have more significant influence on microclimate than single patch index. The results provide useful information for ecological restoration of riparian zone and landscape design and planning.

Key words： urban riparian zone; land surface temperature; air temperature; relative humidity; patch composition; spatial distribution; adjacent patch

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