东北地区作为全国重要的天然林分布区，是天然林资源保护工程（天保工程）实施的重要区域。系统开展东北地区天保工程实施前后生态系统变化的评估，对于工程实施效果提升与区域生态保护具有重要的科学意义。利用Landsat和MODIS遥感数据源及InVEST模型，从生态系统结构、质量和服务3个维度，综合分析东北地区天保工程的保护成效。研究结果表明：1）天保工程实施后（2000—2015年），森林面积增加2 133 km2。2）天保工程实施后，生态系统质量得到改善，叶面积指数和植被净初级生产力呈现上升趋势。3）天保工程实施后，森林生态系统碳储量增加49 Tg，森林生态系统产水量减少3.5×109 m3，全区生境质量差的面积减少1 423 km2。4）天保工程总体上有显著的生态成效，但仍有产水量与生境质量、生态系统碳储量存在权衡等问题，区域生态系统的保护有待提升。
As an important natural forest distribution area in China, Northeast China is a significant implementation area of the Natural Forest Protection Project (NFPP). The improvement of project implementation effects and regional ecological protection requires a systematic evaluation of ecosystem changes before and after the implementation of the NFPP. To achieve this aim, this study compared the changes in landscape pattern, ecosystem quality and services from 1990 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2015 by means of Landsat and MODIS data and InVEST model. Results show that 1) forest area increased by 2 133 km2 from 2000 to 2015; 2) ecosystem quality was improved after the implementation of the NFPP characterized by increasing LAI and NPP; 3) forest ecosystem carbon stocks increased by 49 Tg and habitat area in poor suitable grade decreased by 1 423 km2, while water yield of forests decreased by 3.5×109 m3. Although NFPP has achieved obvious ecological effects, there were tradeoffs between water yield and other ecosystem services such as habitat quality and ecosystem carbon sequestrations. Given the findings in this study, we argue that regional ecosystem protection needs to be further improved, and this study will be expected to provide data support and scientific basis for rational use of regional natural resources and the construction of ecological civilization.
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