医疗卫生资源的合理配置是促进社会公平,增加居民幸福感,实现“公共服务均等化”目标的要求。基于OSM路网数据与Python程序构建居民点最近医疗点距离成本计算方法,将可达性测度方法扩展到更大的空间尺度,分析新疆医疗卫生资源空间配置的公平性特征,并探究其影响因素。结果表明:整体上医疗资源按人口分布配置公平性趋于改善;基本医疗卫生服务资源上,仅有38.5%居民点的最近医疗点加权距离成本在5km内,20.1%居民点的加权距离成本大于10km。地州与区县层面均存在显著的医疗卫生资源配置公平性失衡。部分区域的基本医疗卫生资源空间配置需要进一步优化,尤其是沿边区县;部分行政交界区域的居民点在120km搜索范围内能提供基本医疗服务的医疗点为0,基本医疗资源缺乏,而且全疆存在显著的城乡分化,基本医疗资源下沉不足;新疆居民点平均最近三甲医院加权距离成本为70.05km,三甲医疗卫生资源的获取机会存在显著的空间不平等,三甲医疗卫生资源获取机会的“贫富差距”悬殊。当前新疆区域间的医疗配置空间公平分异性主要受到医疗人才队伍建设与区域经济发展的影响。
The spatial equity of medical and healthcare resource help to improve social equity, increase residents’ happiness, and achieve the goal of “equal access to public services”. Based on OpenStreetMap dataset and Python scripts, extending accessibility calculation method to a large area, this study explored the spatial equity characteristics and influencing factors of medical and healthcare resource of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The results indicate that: 1) From a demographic perspective, the equity of medical resource allocation in Xinjiang tends to be further improved; 2) On basic medical services, only 38.5% settlements-distance costs of nearest medical institutions are within 5km, and 20.1% beyond 10km. And there are significant differences in the equity of medical resource allocation in both cities and counties. The spatial allocation of basic medical services in some regions needs to be further optimized, especially in some border counties; 3) Even, some settlements have no medical institutions within 120km, having a shortage of basic medical services. And, there is significant spatial imbalance between rural area and city area; 4) Average distance costs of nearest tertiary A-level hospital of all settlements is 70.05km. Access to tertiary A-level hospital medical services has a large gap between different areas; 5) At present, the spatial equality of Xinjiang is mainly influenced by the construction of professional medical team and regional economic development.
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