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长江水系湖泊型流域生态用地长时间序列时空变化分析

  • 陈忠媛 ,
  • 高永年
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  • 1 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 流域地理学重点实验室, 南京 210008;
    2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    3 河海大学地球科学与工程学院, 南京 211100

收稿日期: 2021-03-08

  修回日期: 2021-05-14

  网络出版日期: 2021-05-14

基金资助

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(B210201035)和国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07203002-02)资助

Spatio-temporal change of ecological land in lake-basin of Yangtze River system

  • CHEN Zhongyuan ,
  • GAO Yongnian
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  • 1 Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;
    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3 School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China

Received date: 2021-03-08

  Revised date: 2021-05-14

  Online published: 2021-05-14

摘要

湖泊型流域在长江流域的面积占比超30%,其生态用地的变化对长江水生态环境具有重要的调节作用。基于长江水系229个湖泊型流域1980—2015年7期土地利用数据,采用生态用地面积及其占比、改进的综合动态度、转移矩阵和空间运算等方法,分析近几十年长江水系湖泊型流域生态用地的时空变化特征。结果表明:湖泊型流域生态用地变化呈现"先逐步上升—后波动稳定—再快速下降"3阶段趋势;林地和草地呈现下降趋势,湿地呈现上升趋势;湖泊型流域内生态用地综合动态度总体呈现"波浪式振动"状态。从湖泊大小等级分类角度来看,4个等级类型湖泊型流域生态用地的面积总量相差较大,小型湖泊对应的流域生态用地最少,其次是大型和中型,特大型湖泊数量少但对应的流域生态用地面积最大;且不同类型的湖泊型流域内生态用地变化趋势尽管都是先上升后下降,但对应的转折点年份不同。从长江水系不同分区的角度来看,相较于1980年,2015年源区、中游和下游湖泊型流域的生态用地增加,上游湖泊型流域的生态用地减少;生态用地内部的相互转移量最少,而生态用地和非生态用地之间的转移量及非生态用地内部的相互转移量各占总转移量的42 % 以上;生态用地在中游的转移最为剧烈和复杂,其次是下游,源区和上游则较为平缓与简单。2000年之前生态用地发生变化的原因主要为采伐树木、开发农牧业和围湖造田等,2000年之后的原因主要为退耕还林、修建水库等。对于大多数湖泊型流域来说,建设用地的增加,即城镇的扩张是2010—2015年期间生态用地减少的主要原因之一。

本文引用格式

陈忠媛 , 高永年 . 长江水系湖泊型流域生态用地长时间序列时空变化分析[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2022 , 39(2) : 172 -184 . DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2021.0045

Abstract

The area of lake type watershed (LTW) accounts for more than 30% of the Yangtze River basin, and the change of its ecological land plays an important role in regulating the water ecological environment of the Yangtze River. Based on the land use data of 229 LTWs in the Yangtze River system from 1980 to 2015, the temporal and spatial change characteristic of ecological land in recent decades was analyzed by using the methods of ecological land area and its proportion, improved comprehensive dynamic degree, transfer matrix, and spatial operation. The results showed that the change of ecological land use in the LTWs presented a three-stage trend of "first gradually increasing, then fluctuating and stable, and finally rapidly decreasing"; Woodland and grassland showed a downward trend, while wetland showed an upward trend; The comprehensive dynamic degree of ecological land in the LTWs presented a state of "wave-like vibration". From the perspective of lake size classification, the total area of ecological land in the four types of LTW was quite different. The watershed ecological land corresponding to small lakes was the least, followed by large and medium-sized lakes, while the watershed ecological land area of super large lakes was the largest. Although the ecological land change trend in different types of LTWs was first rising and then declining, the corresponding turning points appeared in different years. From the perspective of different regions of the Yangtze River system, compared with 1980, the ecological land of the LTW in the source, middle, and lower regions increased in 2015, while the ecological land of the LTW in the upper regions decreased; The transfer amount within ecological land was the least, and the transfer amount between ecological land and non-ecological land and the transfer amount within nonecological land accounted for more than 42% of the total transfer amount. The transfer of ecological land was the most complex and intense in the middle region, followed by the lower region, the source region and the upper region were relatively gentle and simple. Before 2000, the main reasons for the change of ecological land were cutting trees, developing agriculture and animal husbandry and reclaiming land from lakes. After 2000, the main reasons were returning farmland to forests and building reservoirs. The increase of construction land, i. e., urban expansion, was one of the main reasons for the decrease of ecological land for most LTWs from 2010 to 2015.

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