As one of the common forms of coseismic surface rupture, earthquake fissures will cause cracking and collapse of buildings, threatening the safety of people's lives and property. To find out the distribution law of earthquake fissures is helpful for understanding the basic information such as properties of seismogenic fault, state of tectonic movement, and earthquake rupture process. Different from mining-induced fractures and landslide fissures, earthquake fissures formed by seismogenic fault dislocation basically coincide with the seismogenic fault zone and have obvious spectral and spatial characteristics. Taking the West Kunlun Mountain earthquake surface rupture zone as the research area, and using the GF-2 as the data source, this paper proposes a seismic fracture extraction method based on spectral features and spatial features, and compares it with the noval edge detection algorithm and Gaussian matched filter algorithm. The results show that the proposed method is the best, followed by Gaussian matched filter algorithm, the result of the noval edge detection algorithm is poor. Combined with Riedel shear pattern, the spatial distribution of earthquake fissures and the combination relationship with other rupture types are analyzed in order to grasp the spatial distribution law of surface ruptures, determine the direction of main fracture zone and regional stress field, and guide the detailed investigation of surface ruptures, post disaster emergency rescue and research related to earthquake science.
[1] Jachens R C, Holzer T L. Differential compaction mechanism for earth fissures near Casa Grande,Arizona[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1982,93(10):998-1012.DOI:10.1130/0016-7606(1982)93<998:DCMFEF>2.0.CO;2.
[2] 徐锡伟,于贵华,马文涛,等.昆仑山地震(MW7.8)破裂行为、变形局部化特征及其构造内涵讨论[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2008,38(7):785-796. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1006-9267.2008.07.001.
[3] 刘启方,袁一凡,金星,等.近断层地震动的基本特征[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(1):1-10. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1301.2006.01.001.
[4] 付碧宏,时丕龙,张之武.四川汶川MS8.0大地震地表破裂带的遥感影像解析[J].地质学报,2008,82(12):1679-1687. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2008.12.005.
[5] 张景华,张建龙.遥感技术在泸定县地质灾害调查中的应用[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2009,20(2):100-105. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-8035.2009.02.021.
[6] 徐岳仁,陈立泽,申旭辉,等.基于GF-1卫星影像解译2014年新疆于田MS7.3地震同震地表破裂带[J].地震,2015,35(2):61-71. DOI:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-3274.2015.02.007.
[7] 单新建,李建华,马超.昆仑山口西MS8.1级地震地表破裂带高分辨率卫星影像特征研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(2):321-326. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2005.02.013.
[8] 董彦芳,袁小祥,王晓青,等.2010年青海玉树MS7.1地震地表破裂特征的高分辨率遥感分析[J].地震,2012,32(1):82-92. DOI:10.3969/j.issn. 1000-3274.2012. 01.008.
[9] 陈桂华.光学遥感影像阴影与2008年汶川地震同震地表变形的影像识别[J].地震地质,2010,32(1):107-114. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2010.01.011.
[10] 张兴航,朱琳,王威,等.基于对象的地裂缝分步提取方法研究与应用[J].国土资源遥感,2019,31(1):87-94. DOI:10.6046/gtzyyg.2019. 01.12.
[11] 杨豪杰,张锦.矿区采动地裂缝高分辨率影像特征分析[J].地理信息世界,2020,27(6):57-63. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1586.2020.06.009.
[12] 杨进生,郭颖平,盖利亚,等.无人直升机遥感在华北平原地裂缝监测中的应用[J].遥感信息,2015,30(1):66-70.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3177.2015.01.011.
[13] 王娅娟,孟淑英,李军,等.地裂缝信息遥感提取方法研究[J].神华科技,2011,9(5):31-33,39.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8492.2011.05.010.
[14] 汤伏全,李林宽,李小涛,等.基于无人机影像的采动地表裂缝特征研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2020,48(10):130-136. DOI:10.13199/j.cnki.cst. 2020.10.016.
[15] Zhang B,Zhang L,Zhang L, et al. Retinal vessel extraction by matched filter with first-order derivative of Gaussian[J]. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 2010, 40(4):438-445.DOI:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2010.02.008.
[16] Stumpf A, Malet J P, Kerle N, et al.Image-based mapping of surface fissures for the investigation of landslide dynamics[J].Geomorphology,2013, 186:12-27. DOI:10.1016/j.geomorph. 2012. 12.010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.12.010.
[17] 韦博文,刘国祥,汪致恒.基于改进的MF-FDOG算法和无人机影像提取黄土地区地裂缝[J].测绘,2018,41(2):51-56,61.DOI:10.3969/j.issn. 1674-5019.2018.02.001.
[18] 杨顺虎,付碧宏,时丕龙.东昆仑活动断裂带秀沟盆地段晚第四纪构造变形与地貌特征研究[J].第四纪研究,2012,32(5):921-930.DOI:10.3969/j.issn. 1001-7410. 2012.05.09.
[19] 李陈侠,戴华光,陈永明,等.对1937年托索湖7.5级地震若干问题的探讨[J].地震地质,2006,28(1):12-21.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2006.01.002.
[20] 青海省地震局,中国地震局地壳应力研究所.东昆仑活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.
[21] 单新建,李建华,张桂芳.1997年玛尼7.9级地震的构造环境和地表破裂带特征[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(3):831-837. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2006.03.027.
[22] 任金卫,王敏. GPS观测的2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1级地震地壳变形[J]. 第四纪研究, 2005, 25(1):34-44.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-7410.2005. 01.006.
[23] Rasti B, Hong D F,Hang R L,et al. Feature extraction for hyperspectral imagery:the evolution from shallow to deep:overview and toolbox[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine, 2020, 8(4):60-88. DOI:10.1109/MGRS.2020.2979764.
[24] Pizer S M, Amburn E P, Austin J D,et al. Adaptive histogram equalization and its variations[J]. Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, 1987, 39(3):355-368.DOI:10.1016/S0734-189X(87)80186-X.
[25] Chan F H Y,Lam F K,Zhu H. Adaptive thresholding by variational method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 1998, 7(3):468-473. DOI:10.1109/83.661196.
[26] Wang S, Yan C, Zhang T, et al. Application of mathematical morphology in image processing[J]. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 2004, 32(32):89-92.DOI:10.1016/j.jco.2003.08.015.
[27] Chan I Z W, Stevens M, Todd P A. Pat-Geom:a software package for the analysis of animal patterns[J]. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2019,10(4):591-600.DOI:10.1111/2041-210x. 13131.
[28] 赵毅鑫,许多,孙波,等.基于无人机红外遥感和边缘检测技术的采动地裂缝辨识[J].煤炭学报,2021,46(2):624-637.DOI:10.13225/j.cnki. jccs. XR20.1948.
[29] Lin A, Nishikawa M.Riedel shear structures in the co-seismic surface rupture zone produced by the 2001MW 7.8 Kunlun earthquake, northern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Structural Geology,2011, 33(9):1302-1311.DOI:10.1016/j.jsg.2011.07.003.
[30] Hsu Y C, Chang C P, Yen J Y, et al. Investigating the structure of the Milun Fault from surface ruptures of the 2018 Hualien Earthquake[J]. Terrestrial,Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 2019, 30(3):337-350.DOI:10.3319/TAO.2018.09. 28.01.
[31] 许顺山,彭华,Angel F.NIETO-SAMANIEGO,等.里德尔剪切的组合型式与走滑盆地组合型式的相似性[J].地质论评,2017,63(2):287-301.DOI:10.16509/j.georeview.2017.02.003.
[32] 许敏.走滑盆地形成机制及沉积特征[J].世界地质,1994,13(3):21-25.
[33] 王赞军,党光明,张瑞斌,等.昆仑山口西8.1级地震地表破裂的类型与性质[J].高原地震,2002,14(1):17-25. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-586X.2002.01.004.
