根据T/CEEIA 415标准，以驱动电机槽绝缘材料为研究对象，选取3种0.25 mm厚度的间位芳纶类绝缘纸进行油品兼容性试验，并基于绝缘纸表面物理、化学性质及电气和机械性能在不同周期的变化，对材料的损伤程度和劣化因素进行详细阐述。结果表明，在油品兼容性试验中，短期内受多孔结构和表面毛细作用，增强了纸基结构的致密性，有利于电气性能；但随试验时间增加，自动变速箱润滑油中的水分在油纸绝缘系统中扩散加剧，引发绝缘缺陷形成，造成机械强度衰减，因此通过力学性能变化筛选绝缘材料更直观、准确；此外，由于氢键稳定构型受到了破坏，酰胺键和C＝O键强度改变，密度较低的间位芳纶绝缘纸的介电性能明显恶化。
According to the T/CEEIA 415 standard, taking the drive motor slot insulating material as the research object, three kinds of interstitial aramid insulating papers with 0.25 mm thickness are selected for the oil compatibility test, and based on the changes of the physical, chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties of the insulating paper surfaces in different cycles, the degree of damage and the degradation factors of the materials are elaborated in detail. The results indicate that in the oil compatibility test, the porous structure and surface capillarity enhance the densification of the paper-based structure in the short term, which is beneficial to the electrical performance. However, with the increase of the test time, the diffusion of moisture in the automatic transmission fluid in the oil-paper insulating system is intensified, which triggers the formation of insulating defects and results in the attenuation of the mechanical strength. When screening insulation materials, changes in mechanical properties are more intuitive and accurate. In addition, due to the destruction of the hydrogen bond stabilizing configuration, the amide bond and the C＝O bond strength are changed, and the dielectric properties of the lower density paper deteriorate significantly.
[1] 王双双. 干式变压器用国产芳纶纸与Nomex的绝缘性能与局部放电特性研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2022.
[2] 刘麦. 电动汽车驱动电机的应用现状与发展趋势[J]. 汽车零部件, 2020(10): 91-94. DOI: 10.19466/j.cnki.1674-1986.2020.10.022.
[3] 陈俊辉. 电动汽车驱动电机用芳纶绝缘纸的电老化特性研究[D]. 西安: 西安理工大学, 2022.
[4] 石扬帆, 樊鑫虎, 王博文，等. 全球电动汽车发展现状及未来趋势分析[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2021, 46(10): 194-195. DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2021.010.062.
[5] Moranda H, Moscicka-Grzesiak H, Przybylek P, et al. Comparative tests of partial discharges in Nomex® 910 paper and cellulose paper[J]. Energies, 2020, 13(3): 647. DOI: 10.3390/en13030647.
[6] 解浩, 唐建伟, 严家明，等. 热老化过程中油浸绝缘纸局部放电能量特性分析[J]. 绝缘材料, 2018, 51(4): 69-74. DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2018.04.014.
[7] 陈磊, 宋欢, 李正胜，等. 芳纶纤维材料在电气绝缘和电子领域中的应用进展[J]. 绝缘材料, 2018, 51(10): 7-10, 15. DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2018.10. 002.
[8] 杜洋. 电动汽车传动系统润滑油电导率及铜腐蚀性能研究[D]. 山东青岛: 青岛理工大学, 2023.
[9] 巩智利, 李强军, 张晓晶，等. 电动汽车电机用绝缘材料与变速箱油相容性研究[J]. 绝缘材料, 2022, 55(6): 45-50. DOI: 10.16790/j.cnki.1009-9239.im.2022.06. 008.
[10] 李园园. 新能源汽车驱动电机绝缘系统油品兼容性评价方法[J]. 汽车实用技术, 2024, 49(2): 115-119. DOI: 10.16638/j.cnki.1671-7988.2024.002.021.
[11] 中国电器工业协会. 新能源汽车驱动电机绝缘结构技术规范：T/CEEIA 415—2023[S]. 北京: 科学技术文献出版社, 2023.
[12] 中国汽车工业协会. 车用直接油冷电机及其材料兼容性技术要求与验证方法：T/CAAMTB 130—2023[S]. 北京: 科学技术文献出版社, 2023.
[13] Liao R J, Zhu M Z, Yang L J, et al. Molecular dynamics study of water molecule diffusion in oil-paper insulation materials[J]. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 2011, 406(5): 1162-1168. DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2010.12.074.
[14] Yin F, Tang C, Li X, et al. Effect of moisture on mechanical properties and thermal stability of meta-aramid fiber used in insulating paper[J]. Polymers, 2017, 9(10): 537. DOI: 10.3390/polym9100537.
[15] Li X, Tang C, Wang J N, et al. Analysis and mechanism of adsorption of naphthenic mineral oil, water, formic acid, carbon dioxide, and methane on meta-aramid insulation paper[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2019, 54(11): 8556-8570. DOI: 10.1007/s10853-019-03476-x.
[16] 张旭, 张天骄. 间位芳纶和对位芳纶的红外光谱与拉曼光谱研究[J]. 合成纤维工业, 2019, 42(6): 88-91. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0041.2019.06.019.
[17] Yoon H, Chen G. Space charge characteristics of natural ester oil-impregnated paper with different moisture contents[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2022, 29(6): 2139-2146. DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2022.3202740.
