以我国东北地区为例，运用新生企业集聚度、核密度估计法、负二项回归模型等方法分析典型生态保护型环境规制政策——天然林保护工程实施背景下木材加工企业布局的演变特征及其影响因素。结果表明：1）天然林保护背景下木材加工企业向中部内陆地区的城市密集带集聚，并有明显的靠近省会城市及周边地区布局的特点。哈尔滨—大连城市密集区和齐齐哈尔—哈尔滨—绥芬河铁路沿线区域，新生木材加工企业集中连片分布态势尤为明显。2）不同细分行业新生木材加工企业布局特征及其影响因素存在差异。相比之下，锯材木片、人造板业等相对低端的木材加工行业企业布局对传统经济地理要素变化较为敏感，空间布局变化较为剧烈。3）不同阶段新生木材加工企业布局影响因素存在显著差异。伴随天保工程的实施，新生木材加工企业布局对知识溢出、环境规制强度、市场化程度等软环境的依赖增强，资源禀赋、区位条件等传统经济地理要素的硬约束在减弱。

Taking Northeast China as an example， utilizing methods such as agglomeration of newborn enterprise， kernel density estimation， and negative binomial regression model， this study analyzes the evolutionary characteristics and influencing factors of the spatial layout of wood processing enterprises under the background of the implementation of a typical ecologically-oriented environmental regulation policy — Natural Forest Protection Project （NFPP）. The results show that： 1） Under the context of natural forest conservation， wood processing enterprises have agglomerated in the densely populated urban belts of the central inland regions. There is a distinct tendency for them to cluster near provincial capital cities and their surrounding areas. In Harbin-Dalian urban agglomerations and areas along the Qiqihar-Harbin-Suifenhe railroad， new wood-processing enterprises are distributed in a particularly pronounced manner. 2） Diverse sub-industries of new wood processing enterprises exhibit varying spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors. In comparison， industries such as sawn timber and engineered wood products， which are relatively lower-end in the wood processing sector， are more sensitive to changes in traditional economic geographic factors. As a result， their spatial layouts undergo more pronounced changes. 3）The influencing factors of new wood processing enterprise distribution are significantly different at various stages. With the implementation of NFPP， the dependence of the spatial layout of new wood processing enterprises on soft environments has increased， such as knowledge spillover， environmental regulation intensity， and marketization. The rigid constraints of traditional economic geographical factors have weakened， such as resource endowment and location conditions.