锂在不锈钢表面吸附与扩散的第一性原理计算
收稿日期: 2024-03-21
修回日期: 2024-05-06
网络出版日期: 2024-05-29
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(12172356);中国科学院青年交叉团队项目资助
First principles calculation of lithium adsorption and diffusion on stainless steel surface
Received date: 2024-03-21
Revised date: 2024-05-06
Online published: 2024-05-29
偏滤器材料的选择一直是核聚变领域的热门问题之一，近年来的实验结果表明，采用液态锂作为偏滤器中面对等离子体的材料不仅可以有效解决传统固体材料所面临的难题，还可以显著提升等离子体的约束性能。然而，液态锂在多数固体材料表面的润湿性和铺展性并不理想。鉴于此，采用第一性原理方法模拟计算锂原子在不锈钢表面的占位和扩散特性，分析镍、钨、铬、锰4种合金元素的影响。结果显示4种合金元素可以显著地改变锂原子在（100）晶面上的吸附能。在镍和钨元素周围，锂原子的吸附能随着距离的增加先增大后减小，表现出先吸引后排斥的效果；而在铬和锰元素周围，吸附能随着距离的增加单调降低，全程具有排斥作用。4种合金元素对锂原子的扩散行为具有类似的影响规律，对于镍和钨而言，锂原子在一定范围内具有向靠近合金元素的方向进行扩散的趋势，超过此范围后则更易向外移动；对于铬和锰而言，锂原子始终更易向外扩散。该结果有助于在微观尺度上更好地理解液态锂在不锈钢表面的润湿和铺展特性。
申雷 , 余新刚 . 锂在不锈钢表面吸附与扩散的第一性原理计算[J]. 中国科学院大学学报, 2026 , 43(4) : 463 -470 . DOI: 10.7523/j.ucas.2024.039
The selection of divertor materials has always been one of the hot issues in the field of nuclear fusion. The experimental results in recent years show that using liquid lithium as plasma facing materials in divertor can not only effectively solve the problems faced by traditional solid materials， but also significantly improve the confinement property of plasma. However， the wettability of liquid lithium on the surface of most solid materials is not ideal. In view of this， the first-principles method was used to simulate and calculate the occupation and diffusion characteristics of lithium atoms on the surface of stainless steel， and the effects of nickel， tungsten， chromium and manganese were analyzed. The results show that the four alloying elements can significantly change the adsorption energy of lithium atoms on the （100） crystal plane. Around nickel and tungsten， the adsorption energy of lithium atom first increases and then decreases with the increase of distance， showing the effect of first attraction and then repulsion. However， around chromium and manganese， the adsorption energy decreases monotonously with the increase of distance， and it has a repulsive effect in the whole process. For nickel and tungsten， lithium atoms tend to diffuse in the direction close to alloy elements within a certain range， and move outward more easily beyond this range. For chromium and manganese， lithium atoms are always more likely to diffuse outward. The results of this paper are helpful to better understand the wetting and spreading characteristics of liquid lithium on the surface of stainless steel at the micro scale.
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